Pyrrolopyridine-2-carboxylic acid amide inhibitors of glycogen phosphorylase

ABSTRACT

Compounds represented by Formula (I):  
                 
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, are inhibitors of glycogen phosphorylase and are useful in the prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of diabetes, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, atherosclerosis or tissue ischemia e.g. myocardial ischemia, and as cardioprotectants.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to pyrrolopyridine-2-carboxylic acidamides. In particular, the present invention is directed topyrrolopyridine-2-carboxylic acid amides that are inhibitors of glycogenphosphorylase.

Insulin dependent Type I diabetes and non-insulin dependent Type IIdiabetes continue to present treatment difficulties even thoughclinically accepted regimens that include diet, exercise, hypoglycemicagents, and insulin are available. Treatment is patientdependent—therefore there is a continuing need for novel hypoglycemicagents, particularly ones that may be better tolerated with feweradverse effects.

The liver and certain other organs produce glucose—thereby raising theblood sugar level—by breaking down glycogen or by synthesizing glucosefrom small molecule precursors. The breakdown of glycogen is catalyzedby glycogen phosphorylase enzyme. Accordingly, inhibiting glycogenphosphorylase (“GP”) may lower the elevated blood sugar level indiabetic patients.

Similarly, hypertension and its associated pathologies such as, forexample, atherosclerosis, lipidemia, hyperlipidemia andhypercholesterolemia have been associated with elevated insulin levels(hyperinsulinemia), which can lead to abnormal blood sugar levels.Furthermore, myocardial ischemia can result. Such maladies may betreated with hypoglycemic agents, including compounds that inhibitglycogen phosphorylase. The cardioprotective effects of glycogenphosphorylase inhibitors, for example following reperfusion injury, hasalso been described (see, for example, Ross et al., American Journal ofPhysiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology, March 2004, 286(3),H1177-84). Accordingly, it is accepted that compounds that inhibitglycogen phosphorylase (see, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,297,269) areuseful in the treatment of diabetes, hyperglycemia,hypercholesterolemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosisor myocardial ischemia. Nevertheless, it would be desirable to obtainother novel compounds that inhibit glycogen phosphorylase.

R. Kurukulasuriya, J. T. Link, et al., Current Medicinal Chem.,10:99-121(2003) describes “Prospects for Pharmacologic Inhibition ofHepatic Glucose Production.” R. Kurukulasuriya, J. T. Link, et al.,Current Medicinal Chem., 10:123-153(2003) describes “Potential DrugTargets and Progress Towards Pharmacologic Inhibition of Hepatic GlucoseProduction.”

U.S. Pat. No. 6,297,269 and European Patent Application No. EP 0832066describe substituted N-(indole-2-carbonyl)amides and derivatives asglycogen phosphorylase inhibitors. U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,107,329 and6,277,877 describe substituted N-(indole-2-carbonyl)glycinamides andderivatives as glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors. U.S. Pat. No.6,399,601 describes bicyclic pyrrolyl amides as glycogen phosphorylaseinhibitors. European Patent Application Nos. EP 0978276 and EP 1136071describe inhibitors of human glycogen phosphorylase and their use.International Patent Publication No. WO 01/68055 describes glycogenphosphorylase inhibitors. U.S. Pat. No. 5,952,322 describes a method ofreducing non-cardiac ischemial tissue damage using glycogenphosphorylase inhibitors.

International Patent Publication No. WO 01/55146 describes arylamidines.International Patent Publication No. WO 01/62775 describesantiarrhythmic peptides. International Patent Publication No. WO01/96346 describes tricyclic compounds. International Patent PublicationNo. WO 02/16314 describes substituted polyamine compounds. InternationalPatent Publication No. WO 02/20475 describes serine protease activityinhibitors. International Patent Publication No. WO 02/40469 describesbombesin receptor antagonists. International Patent Publication No. WO02/46159 describes guanidine and amidine derivatives. InternationalPatent Publication No. WO 00/69815 describes ureido-substituted cyclicamine derivatives.

International Patent Publication No. WO 00/43384 describes aromaticheterocyclic compounds. International Patent Publication Nos. WO02/26697 and WO 00/76970 describe aromatic derivatives. InternationalPatent Publication No. WO 01/32622 describes indoles. European PatentApplication No. EP 1101759 describes phenylazole compounds. EuropeanPatent Application No. EP 1179341 describes cyclic amino compounds. U.S.Pat. No. 6,037,325 describes substituted heterocyclic compounds. U.S.Pat. No. 5,672,582 describes 4-substituted cyclohexylamine derivatives.European Patent Application No. EP 1201239 describes cyclic amine CCR3antagonists. International Patent Publication No. WO 98/25617 describessubstituted aryl piperazines. U.S. Pat. No. 5,756,810 describespreparing 3-nitrobenzoate compounds.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,710,153 describes tetrazole compounds. U.S. Pat. Nos.6,174,887 and 6,420,561 describe amide compounds. S. P. Hiremath et al.,Acta Ciencia Indica, XVIII:397(1992) describes the synthesis andbiological activities of indolylthiosemicarbazides and semicarbazides.International Patent Publication No. WO 96/36595 describes3,4-disubstituted phenylsulfonamides. U.S. Pat. No. 5,618,825 describescombinatorial sulfonamide libraries. European Patent Application No. EP0810221 describes oxygen-containing heterocyclic derivatives. EuropeanPatent Application No. EP 0345990 describes polypeptide compounds.European Patent Application No. EP 0254545 describes diamine compounds.

International Patent Publication No. WO 97/31016 describes inhibitors ofSH2-mediated processes. U.S. Pat. No. 6,034,067 describes serineprotease inhibitors. International Patent Publication No. WO 97/17985and U.S. Pat. No. 6,107,309 describe hemoregulatory compounds. U.S. Pat.No. 6,432,921 describes thrombin inhibitors. U.K. Patent Application No.GB 2292149 describes peptide inhibitors of pro-interleukin-1β convertingenzyme. U.S. Pat. No. 5,821,241 describes fibrinogen receptorantagonists.

International Patent Publication No. WO 01/02424 describes peptideboronic acid compounds. U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,001,811, 5,869,455 and5,618,792 describe oxadiazole, thiadiazole and triazole peptoids. U.S.Pat. Nos. 5,885,967, 6,090,787 and 6,124,277 describe thrombininhibiting peptide derivatives. U.S. Pat. No. 6,455,529 describesadhesion receptor antagonists. U.S. Pat. No. 6,410,684 describes serineprotease inhibitors.

International Patent Publication No. WO 01/94310 describesbis-heterocyclic alkaloids. U.S. Patent Publication No. 20030004162A1,European Patent Application No. EP 0846464, and InternationalPublication No. WO 96/39384 describe glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors.International Patent Publication No. WO 97/28798 describes pyrrolidinederivatives. U.S. Pat. No. 5,346,907 describes amino acid analogs.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Compounds represented by Formula (I):

or stereoisomers or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, areinhibitors of glycogen phosphorylase and are useful in the prophylacticor therapeutic treatment of diabetes, hyperglycemia,hypercholesterolemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension,atherosclerosis or tissue ischemia e.g. myocardial ischemia, and ascardioprotectants.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to a compound of Formula (I):

or a stereoisomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,wherein:

one of X₁, X₂, X₃ and X₄ must be N and the others must be C;

-   -   R¹ and R^(1′) are each independently, halogen, hydroxy, cyano,        C₀₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl,        trifluoromethyl, ethenyl, or ethynyl;    -   R² is C₀₋₄alkyl, COOR⁶, COR⁶, C₁₋₄alkoxyC₁₋₄alkyl-,        hydroxyC₁₋₄alkyl-, cycloalkylC₀₋₄alkyl-, arylC₀₋₄alkyl-,        hetarylC₀₋₄alkyl-, wherein any of the aryl or hetaryl rings are        optionally substituted with 1-2 independent halogen, cyano,        C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy, —N(C₀₋₄alkyl)(C₀₋₄alkyl), —SO₂C₁₋₄alkyl,        —SO₂N(C₀₋₄alkyl)(C₀₋₄alkyl), hydroxy, fluoromethyl,        difluoromethyl, or trifluoromethyl substituents;    -   Y is C₀₋₂alkyl or —CH(OH)—;    -   Z is CH₂, —C(O)—, —O—, >N(C₀₋₄alkyl), >N(C₃₋₆cycloalkyl), or        absent; but when Y is —CH(OH)—, Z or R³ must be bonded to Y        through a carbon-carbon bond;    -   R³ is hydrogen, —COOC₀₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy, C₁₋₄alkyl,        arylC₁₋₄alkylthio-, —C₀₋₄alkylaryl, —C₀₋₄alkylhetaryl,        —C₀₋₄alkylcycloalkyl or —C₀₋₄alkylheterocyclyl, wherein any of        the rings is optionally substituted with 1-3 independent        halogen, cyano, C₁₋₄alkyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl,        trifluoromethyl, —C₀₋₄alkylNHC(O)O(C₁₋₄alkyl), —C₀₋₄alkylNR⁷R⁸,        —C(O)R⁹, C₁₋₄alkoxyC₀₋₄alkyl-, —COOC₀₋₄alkyl,        —C₀₋₄alkylNHC(O)R⁹, —C₀₋₄alkylC(O)N(R¹⁰)₂,        —C₁₋₄alkoxyC₁₋₄alkoxy, hydroxyC₀₋₄alkyl-, —NHSO₂R¹⁰,        —SO₂(C₁₋₄alkyl), —SO₂NR¹¹R¹², 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl,        phenylC₀₋₂alkoxy, or phenylC₀₋₂alkyl substituents, wherein        phenyl is optionally substituted with 1-2 independent halogen,        cyano, C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy, —N(C₀₋₄alkyl)(C₀₋₄alkyl),        —SO₂C₁₋₄alkyl, —SO₂N(C₀₋₄alkyl)(C₀₋₄alkyl), hydroxy,        fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl or trifluoromethyl substituents, or        two bonds on a ring carbon of the heterocyclyl group optionally        can form an oxo (═O) substituent;

or R³ is —NR⁴(—C₀₋₄alkylR⁵);

-   -   R⁴ is C₀₋₃alkyl, —C₂₋₃alkyl-NR⁷R⁸, C₃₋₆cycloalkyl optionally        substituted by hydroxyC₀₋₄alkyl- further optionally substituted        by hydroxy, C₁₋₂alkoxyC₂₋₄alkyl-, or        C₁₋₂alkyl-S(O)_(n)—C₂₋₃alkyl-;

n is 0, 1, or 2;

-   -   R⁵ is hydrogen, hydroxyC₂₋₃alkyl-, C₁₋₂alkoxyC₀₋₄alkyl-, or        aryl, hetaryl, or heterocyclyl;

wherein a heterocyclic nitrogen-containing R⁵ ring optionally ismono-substituted on the ring nitrogen with C₁₋₄alkyl, benzyl, benzoyl,C₁₋₄alkyl-C(O)—,

—SO₂C₁₋₄alkyl, —SO₂N(C₀₋₄alkyl)(C₀₋₄alkyl), C₁₋₄alkoxycarbonyl oraryl(C₁₋₄alkoxy)carbonyl; and wherein the R⁵ rings are optionallymono-substituted on a ring carbon with halogen, cyano, C₁₋₄alkyl-C(O)—,C₁₋₄alkyl-SO₂—, C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy, hydroxy,—N(C₀₋₄alkyl)(C₀₋₄alkyl), hydroxyC₀₋₄alkyl-, or C₀₋₄alkylcarbamoyl-,provided that no quaternised nitrogen is included; or two bonds on aring carbon of the heterocyclyl group optionally can form an oxo (═O)substituent;

R⁶ is C₁₋₄alkyl, aryl, or hetaryl;

R⁷ and R⁸ are independently C₀₋₄alkyl, C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, or CO(C₁₋₄alkyl);

R⁹ is C₁₋₄alkyl, or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl;

R¹⁰ is C₀₋₄alkyl, or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl;

R¹¹ and R¹² are independently C₀₋₄alkyl or together with the nitrogen towhich they are attached may form a 4- to 6-membered heterocycle; and

wherein there are no nitrogen-oxygen, nitrogen-nitrogen ornitrogen-halogen bonds in linking the three components —Y-Z-R³ to eachother.

The molecular weight of the compounds of Formula (I) is preferably lessthan 800, more preferably less than 600.

In the first aspect, the present invention is directed to a compoundrepresented by Formula (I), or a stereoisomer, or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, wherein X₁ is N, and the other variables are asdefined above for Formula (I).

In an embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention is directedto a compound represented by Formula (I), or a stereoisomer, or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X₁ is N, Y isC₀₋₂alkyl, and Z is —C(O)—, and the other variables are as defined abovefor Formula (I).

In another embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention isdirected to a compound represented by Formula (I), or a stereoisomer, ora pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X₁ is N, Y isC₀₋₂alkyl, and Z is —O—, and the other variables are as defined abovefor Formula (I).

In yet another embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention isdirected to a compound represented by Formula (I), or a stereoisomer, ora pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X₁ is N, Y isC₀₋₂alkyl, and Z is >N(C₀₋₄alkyl), and the other variables are asdefined above for Formula (I).

In a second aspect, the present invention is directed to a compoundrepresented by Formula (I), or a stereoisomer, or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, wherein X₂ is N, and the other variables are asdefined above for Formula (I).

In an embodiment of the second aspect, the present invention is directedto a compound represented by Formula (I), or a stereoisomer, or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X₂ is N, Y isC₀₋₂alkyl, and Z is —C(O)—, and the other variables are as defined abovefor Formula (I).

In a third aspect, the present invention is directed to a compoundrepresented by Formula (I), or a stereoisomer, or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, wherein X₃ is N, and the other variables are asdefined above for Formula (I).

In an embodiment of the third aspect, the present invention is directedto a compound represented by Formula (I), or a stereoisomer, or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X₃ is N, Y isC₀₋₂alkyl, and Z is —C(O)—, and the other variables are as defined abovefor Formula (I).

In another embodiment of the third aspect, the present invention isdirected to a compound represented by Formula (I), or a stereoisomer, ora pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X₃ is N, Y is—CH(OH)—, and Z is —C(O)—, and the other variables are as defined abovefor Formula (I).

In yet another embodiment of the third aspect, the present invention isdirected to a compound represented by Formula (I), or a stereoisomer, ora pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X₃ is N, Y isC₀₋₂alkyl, and Z is —O—, and the other variables are as defined abovefor Formula (I).

In still another embodiment of the third aspect, the present inventionis directed to a compound represented by Formula (I), or a stereoisomer,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X₃ is N, Y isC₀₋₂alkyl, and Z is absent, and the other variables are as defined abovefor Formula (I).

In yet still another embodiment of the third aspect, the presentinvention is directed to a compound represented by Formula (I), or astereoisomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X₃is N, Y is C₀₋₂alkyl, and Z is >N(C₀₋₄alkyl), and the other variablesare as defined above for Formula (I).

In a fourth aspect, the present invention is directed to a compoundrepresented by Formula (I), or a stereoisomer, or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, wherein X₄ is N, and the other variables are asdefined above for Formula (I).

In an embodiment of the fourth aspect, the present invention is directedto a compound represented by Formula (I), or a stereoisomer, or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X₄ is N, Y is—CH(OH)—, and Z is —C(O)—, and the other variables are as defined abovefor Formula (I).

When Y is a direct bond then Z is preferably other than —O—,>N(C₀₋₄alkyl) or >N(C₃₋₆cycloalkyl).

Preferably X₃ is N.

Preferably R¹ and R^(1′) are each independently, halogen, cyano,hydrogen, methyl, methoxy, or ethynyl. More preferably R¹ and R^(1′) areeach independently, halogen, cyano, or hydrogen.

Preferably at least one of R¹ and R^(1′) is hydrogen. More preferablyone of R¹ and R^(1′) is hydrogen.

A preferred group of compounds are those where X₃ is N, one of R¹ andR^(1′) is hydrogen and the other is a 5-halo or 5-cyano group.

Preferably Y is C₀₋₂alkyl, more preferably Y is a direct bond.

Preferably Z is —C(O)—.

A preferred group of compounds are those wherein

X₃ is N;

Y is C₀₋₂alkyl; and

Z is —C(O)—.

Preferably R² is C₀₋₄alkyl or arylC₀₋₄alkyl-, wherein the aryl ring isoptionally substituted with 1-2 independent halogen, cyano, C₁₋₄alkyl,C₁₋₄alkoxy, —N(C₀₋₄alkyl)(C₀₋₄alkyl), —SO₂C₁₋₄alkyl,—SO₂N(C₀₋₄alkyl)(C₀₋₄alkyl), hydroxy, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, ortrifluoromethyl substituents. More preferably R² is benzyl optionallysubstituted with 1-2 halogen substituents. A particular R² substituentwhich may be mentioned is -(S)-(4-fluorobenzyl).

Preferably R³ is —C₀₋₄alkylheterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-3independent halogen, cyano, C₁₋₄alkyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl,trifluoromethyl, —C₀₋₄alkylNHC(O)O(C₁₋₄alkyl), —C₀₋₄alkylNR⁷R⁸, —C(O)R⁹,C₁₋₄alkoxyC₀₋₄alkyl-,

—COOC₀₋₄alkyl, —C₀₋₄alkylNHC(O)R⁹, —C₀₋₄alkylC(O)N(R¹⁰)₂,—C₁₋₄alkoxyC₁₋₄alkoxy, hydroxyC₀₋₄alkyl-, —NHSO₂R¹⁰, —SO₂(C₁₋₄alkyl),—SO₂NR¹¹R¹², 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, phenylC₀₋₂alkoxy, orphenylC₀₋₂alkyl substituents, wherein phenyl is optionally substitutedwith 1-2 independent halogen, cyano, C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy,—N(C₀₋₄alkyl)(C₀₋₄alkyl), —SO₂C₁₋₄alkyl, —SO₂N(C₀₋₄alkyl)(C₀₋₄alkyl),hydroxy, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, or trifluoromethyl substituents,or two bonds on a ring carbon of the heterocyclyl group optionally canform an oxo (═O) substituent; or R³ is —NR⁴(—C₀₋₄alkylR⁵).

More preferably R³ is a nitrogen containing heterocyclyl group,especially a 4-8-membered nitrogen containing heterocyclyl group, linkedto Z via a ring nitrogen atom, optionally substituted with 1-3independent halogen, cyano, C₁₋₄alkyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl,trifluoromethyl, —C₀₋₄alkylNHC(O)O(C₁₋₄alkyl), —C₀₋₄alkylNR⁷R⁸, —C(O)R⁹,C₁₋₄alkoxyC₀₋₄alkyl-, —COOC₀₋₄alkyl, —C₀₋₄alkylNHC(O)R⁹,—C₀₋₄alkylC(O)N(R¹⁰)₂, —C₁₋₄alkoxyC₁₋₄alkoxy, hydroxyC₀₋₄alkyl-,—NHSO₂R¹⁰, —SO₂(C₁₋₄alkyl), —SO₂NR¹¹R¹², 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl,phenylC₀₋₂alkoxy, or phenylC₀₋₂alkyl substituents, wherein phenyl isoptionally substituted with 1-2 independent halogen, cyano, C₁₋₄alkyl,C₁₋₄alkoxy, —N(C₀₋₄alkyl)(C₀₋₄alkyl), —SO₂C₁₋₄alkyl,—SO₂N(C₀₋₄alkyl)(C₀₋₄alkyl), hydroxy, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, ortrifluoromethyl substituents, or two bonds on a ring carbon of theheterocyclyl group optionally can form an oxo (═O) substituent; or R³ is—NR⁴(—C₀₋₄alkylR⁵).

Examples of nitrogen containing heterocyclyl groups which R³ mayrepresent include azetidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl, piperidin-1-yl,1,4-diazapan-1-yl, piperazin-1-yl, morpholin-4-yl, thiomorpholin-4-yl,1,1-dioxo-thiomorpholin-4-yl, or thiazolidin-3-yl; which groups may beoptionally substituted as described above

Preferred substituent groups for R³ include —C₁₋₄alkoxy, hydroxy andoxo.

Even more preferably R³ is pyrrolidin-1-yl or piperidin-1-yl optionallysubstituted with hydroxyl, e.g. 4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl and3-(S)-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl.

Specific compounds of the invention which may be mentioned are thoseincluded in the examples, in particular5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[1-(S)-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl]amide and5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[1-(S)-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-(3-(S)-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl]amide.

A particular group of compounds which may be mentioned are thoserepresented by Formula (IA):

or a stereoisomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,wherein:

one of X₁, X₂, X₃ and X₄ must be N and the others must be C;

-   -   R¹ and R^(1′) are each independently, halogen, hydroxy, cyano,        C₀₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl,        trifluoromethyl, ethenyl, or ethynyl;    -   R² is C₀₋₄alkyl, arylC₀₋₄alkyl-, hetarylC₀₋₄alkyl-, wherein any        of the aryl or hetaryl rings are optionally substituted with 1-2        independent halogen, cyano, C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy,        —N(C₀₋₄alkyl)(C₀₋₄alkyl), —SO₂C₁₋₄alkyl,        —SO₂N(CO₀₋₄alkyl)(C₀₋₄alkyl), hydroxy, fluoromethyl,        difluoromethyl, or trifluoromethyl substituents;    -   Y is C₀₋₂alkyl or —CH(OH)—;    -   Z is CH₂, —C(O)—, —O—, >N(C₀₋₄alkyl), >N(C₃₋₆cycloalkyl), or        absent; but when Y is —CH(OH)—, Z or R³ must be bonded to Y        through a carbon-carbon bond;    -   R³ is hydrogen, —COOC₀₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy, arylC₁₋₄alkylthio-,        —C₀₋₄alkylaryl, —C₀₋₄alkylhetaryl, or —C₀₋₄alkylheterocyclyl,        wherein any of the rings is optionally substituted with 1-3        independent halogen, cyano, C₁₋₄alkyl, fluoromethyl,        difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl,        —C₀₋₄alkylN(C₀₋₄alkyl)(C₀₋₄alkyl), —C(O)(C₀₋₄alkyl),        C₁₋₄alkoxyC₀₋₄alkyl-, —COOC₀₋₄alkyl, C₀₋₄alkylcarbamoyl-,        —C₁₋₄alkoxymethoxy, hydroxyC₀₋₄alkyl-, —SO₂(C₁₋₄alkyl), or        phenylC₀₋₂alkyl substituents, or two bonds on a ring carbon of        the heterocyclyl group optionally can form an oxo (═O)        substituent;

or R³ is —NR⁴(—C₀₋₄alkylR⁵);

-   -   R⁴ is C₀₋₃alkyl, —C₂₋₃alkyl-N(C₁₋₃alkyl)(C₁₋₃alkyl),        C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, hydroxyC₂₋₃alkyl-, C₁₋₂alkoxyC₂₋₄alkyl-, or        C₁₋₂alkyl-S(O)_(n)—C₂₋₃alkyl-;

n is 0, 1, or 2;

-   -   R⁵ is hydrogen, hydroxyC₂₋₃alkyl-, C₁₋₂alkoxyC₂₋₄alkyl, or an        aryl, hetaryl, or heterocyclyl;

wherein a heterocyclic nitrogen-containing R⁵ ring optionally ismono-substituted on the ring nitrogen with C₁₋₄alkyl, benzyl, benzoyl,C₁₋₄alkyl-C(O)—,

—SO₂C₁₋₄alkyl, —SO₂N(C₀₋₄alkyl)(C₀₋₄alkyl), C₁₋₄alkoxycarbonyl oraryl(C₁₋₄alkoxy)carbonyl; and wherein the R⁵ rings are optionallymono-substituted on a ring carbon with halogen, cyano, C₁₋₄alkyl-C(O)—,C₁₋₄alkyl-SO₂—, C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy, —N(C₀₋₄alkyl)(C₀₋₄alkyl),hydroxyC₀₋₄alkyl-, or C₀₋₄alkylcarbamoyl-, provided that no quaternisednitrogen is included; and

wherein there are no nitrogen-oxygen, nitrogen-nitrogen ornitrogen-halogen bonds in linking the three components —Y-Z-R³ to eachother.

While the preferred groups for each variable have generally been listedabove separately for each variable, preferred compounds of thisinvention include those in which several or each variable in Formula (I)is selected from the preferred, more preferred, most preferred,especially or particularly listed groups for each variable. Therefore,this invention is intended to include all combinations of preferred,more preferred, most preferred, especially and particularly listedgroups.

As used herein, unless stated otherwise, “alkyl” as well as other groupshaving the prefix “alk” such as, for example, alkoxy, alkanyl, alkenyl,alkynyl, and the like, means carbon chains which may be linear orbranched or combinations thereof. Examples of alkyl groups includemethyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec- and tert-butyl, pentyl,hexyl, heptyl and the like. “Alkenyl”, “alkynyl” and other like termsinclude carbon chains having at least one unsaturated carbon-carbonbond.

As used herein, for example, “C₀₋₄alkyl” is used to mean an alkyl having0-4 carbons—that is, 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 carbons in a straight or branchedconfiguration. An alkyl having no carbon is hydrogen when the alkyl is aterminal group. An alkyl having no carbon is a direct bond when thealkyl is a bridging (connecting) group.

The terms “cycloalkyl” and “carbocyclic ring” mean carbocyclescontaining no heteroatoms, and include mono-, bi-, and tricyclicsaturated carbocycles, as well as fused and bridged systems. Such fusedring systems can include one ring that is partially or fullyunsaturated, such as a benzene ring, to form fused ring systems, such asbenzofused carbocycles. Cycloalkyl includes such fused ring systems asspirofused ring systems. Examples of cycloalkyl and carbocyclic ringsinclude C₃₋₁₀cycloalkyl groups, particularly C₃₋₈cycloalkyl groups, suchas cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, anddecahydronaphthalene, adamantane, indanyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthaleneand the like.

The term “halogen” includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodineatoms.

The term “carbamoyl” unless specifically described otherwise means—C(O)—NH— or —NH—C(O)—.

The term “aryl” is well known to chemists. The preferred aryl groups arephenyl and naphthyl, more preferably phenyl.

The term “hetaryl” is well known to chemists. The term includes 5- or6-membered heteroaryl rings containing 1-4 heteroatoms chosen fromoxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen in which oxygen and sulfur are not next toeach other. Examples of such heteroaryl rings are furyl, thienyl,pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl,isothiazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyridyl,pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, and triazinyl. The term “hetaryl”includes hetaryl rings with fused carbocyclic ring systems that arepartially or fully unsaturated, such as a benzene ring, to form abenzofused hetaryl. For example, benzimidazole, benzoxazole,benzothiazole, benzofuran, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinoxaline, and thelike.

Unless otherwise stated, the terms “heterocyclic ring”, “heterocyclyl”and “heterocycle” are equivalent, and include 4-10-membered, e.g.4-8-membered, saturated or partially saturated rings containing one ortwo heteroatoms chosen from oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen. The sulfur andoxygen heteroatoms are not directly attached to one another. Anynitrogen heteroatoms in the ring may optionally be substituted withC₁₋₄alkyl. Examples of heterocyclic rings include azetidine, oxetane,tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, oxepane, oxocane, thietane,thiazolidine, oxazolidine, oxazetidine, pyrazolidine, isoxazolidine,isothiazolidine, tetrahydrothiophene, tetrahydrothiopyran, thiepane,thiocane, azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, N-methylpiperidine,azepane, 1,4-diazapane, azocane, [1,3]dioxane, oxazolidine, piperazine,homopiperazine, morpholine, thiomorpholine, 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridineand the like. Other examples of heterocyclic rings include the oxidizedforms of the sulfur-containing rings. Thus,tetrahydrothiophene-1,1-oxide, tetrahydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide,thiomorpholine-1-oxide, thiomorpholine-1,1-dioxide,tetrahydrothiopyran-1-oxide, tetrahydrothiopyran-1,1-dioxide,thiazolidine-1-oxide, and thiazolidine-1,1-dioxide are also consideredto be heterocyclic rings. The term “heterocyclic” also includes fusedring systems and can include a carbocyclic ring that is partially orfully unsaturated, such as a benzene ring, to form benzofusedheterocycles. For example, 3,4-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine,tetrahydroquinoline, tetrahydroisoquinoline and the like.

Compounds described herein may contain one or more asymmetric centersand may thus give rise to diastereomers and optical isomers. The presentinvention includes all such possible diastereomers as well as theirracemic mixtures, their substantially pure resolved enantiomers, allpossible geometric isomers, and pharmaceutically acceptable saltsthereof. The above Formula (I) is shown without a definitivestereochemistry at certain positions. The present invention includes allstereoisomers of Formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable saltsthereof. Further, mixtures of stereoisomers as well as isolated specificstereoisomers are also included. During the course of the syntheticprocedures used to prepare such compounds, or in using racemization orepimerization procedures known to those skilled in the art, the productsof such procedures can be a mixture of stereoisomers.

When a tautomer of the compound of Formula (I) exists, the presentinvention includes any possible tautomers and pharmaceuticallyacceptable salts thereof, and mixtures thereof, except wherespecifically drawn or stated otherwise.

When the compound of Formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable saltsthereof exist in the form of solvates or polymorphic forms, the presentinvention includes any possible solvates and polymorphic forms. A typeof a solvent that forms the solvate is not particularly limited so longas the solvent is pharmacologically acceptable. For example, water,ethanol, propanol, acetone or the like can be used.

The invention also encompasses a pharmaceutical composition that iscomprised of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Preferably the composition is comprised of a pharmaceutically acceptablecarrier and a non-toxic therapeutically effective amount of a compoundof Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Moreover, within this preferred embodiment, the invention encompasses apharmaceutical composition for the treatment of disease by inhibitingglycogen phosphorylase, resulting in the prophylactic or therapeutictreatment of diabetes, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia,hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, atherosclerosis ortissue ischemia e.g. myocardial ischemia comprising a pharmaceuticallyacceptable carrier and a non-toxic therapeutically effective amount ofcompound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salts” refers to salts preparedfrom pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic bases or acids. When thecompound of the present invention is acidic, its corresponding salt canbe conveniently prepared from pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxicbases, including inorganic bases and organic bases. Salts derived fromsuch inorganic bases include aluminum, ammonium, calcium, copper (ic andous), ferric, ferrous, lithium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, zinc andthe like salts. Particularly preferred are the ammonium, calcium,magnesium, potassium and sodium salts. Salts derived frompharmaceutically acceptable organic non-toxic bases include salts ofprimary, secondary, and tertiary amines, as well as cyclic amines andsubstituted amines such as naturally occurring and synthesizedsubstituted amines. Other pharmaceutically acceptable organic non-toxicbases from which salts can be formed include arginine, betaine,caffeine, choline, N′N′-dibenzylethylenediamine, diethylamine,2-diethylaminoethanol, 2-dimethylaminoethanol, ethanolamine,ethylenediamine, N-ethylmorpholine, N-ethylpiperidine, glucamine,glucosamine, histidine, hydrabamine, isopropylamine, lysine,methylglucamine, morpholine, piperazine, piperidine, polyamine resins,procaine, purines, theobromine, triethylamine, trimethylamine,tripropylamine, tromethamine and the like.

When the compound of the present invention is basic, its correspondingsalt can be conveniently prepared from pharmaceutically acceptablenon-toxic acids, including inorganic and organic acids. Such acidsinclude, for example, acetic, benzenesulfonic, benzoic, camphorsulfonic,citric, ethanesulfonic, fumaric, gluconic, glutamic, hydrobromic,hydrochloric, isethionic, lactic, maleic, malic, mandelic,methanesulfonic, mucic, nitric, pamoic, pantothenic, phosphoric,succinic, sulfuric, tartaric, p-toluenesulfonic acid and the like.Particularly preferred are citric, hydrobromic, hydrochloric, maleic,phosphoric, sulfuric and tartaric acids.

Since the compounds of Formula (I) are intended for pharmaceutical usethey are preferably provided in substantially pure form, for example atleast 60% pure, more suitably at least 75% pure especially at least 98%pure (% are on a weight for weight basis).

The pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention comprise acompound represented by Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, as an active ingredient, a pharmaceutically acceptablecarrier and optionally other therapeutic ingredients or adjuvants. Thecompositions include those suitable for oral, rectal, topical, andparenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous)administration, although the most suitable route in any given case willdepend on the particular host, and nature and severity of the conditionsfor which the active ingredient is being administered. The compositionsare preferably suitable for oral administration The pharmaceuticalcompositions may be conveniently presented in unit dosage form andprepared by any of the methods well known in the art of pharmacy.

In practice, the compounds of Formula (I), or pharmaceuticallyacceptable salts thereof, can be combined as the active ingredient inintimate admixture with a pharmaceutical carrier according toconventional pharmaceutical compounding techniques. The carrier may takea wide variety of forms depending on the form of preparation desired foradministration, e.g. oral or parenteral (including intravenous). Thus,the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention can bepresented as discrete units suitable for oral administration such ascapsules, sachets or tablets each containing a predetermined amount ofthe active ingredient. Further, the compositions can be presented as apowder, as granules, as a solution, as a suspension in an aqueousliquid, as a non-aqueous liquid, as an oil-in-water emulsion, or as awater-in-oil liquid emulsion. In addition to the common dosage forms setout above, the compounds of Formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptablesalts thereof, may also be administered by controlled release meansand/or delivery devices. The compositions may be prepared by any of themethods of pharmacy. In general, such methods include a step of bringinginto association the active ingredient with the carrier that constitutesone or more necessary ingredients. In general, the compositions areprepared by uniformly and intimately admixing the active ingredient withliquid carriers or finely divided solid carriers or both. The productcan then be conveniently shaped into the desired presentation.

Thus, the pharmaceutical compositions of this invention may include apharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a compound of Formula (I) or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The compounds of Formula (I),or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, can also be included inpharmaceutical compositions in combination with one or more othertherapeutically active compounds.

The pharmaceutical carrier employed can be, for example, a solid,liquid, or gas. Examples of solid carriers include lactose, terra alba,sucrose, talc, gelatin, agar, pectin, acacia, magnesium stearate, andstearic acid. Examples of liquid carriers are sugar syrup, peanut oil,olive oil, and water. Examples of gaseous carriers include carbondioxide and nitrogen.

In preparing the compositions for oral dosage form, any convenientpharmaceutical media may be employed. For example, water, glycols, oils,alcohols, flavoring agents, preservatives, coloring agents, and the likemay be used to form oral liquid preparations such as suspensions,elixirs and solutions; while carriers such as starches, sugars,microcrystalline cellulose, diluents, granulating agents, lubricants,binders, disintegrating agents, and the like may be used to form oralsolid preparations such as powders, capsules and tablets. Because oftheir ease of administration, tablets and capsules are the preferredoral dosage units whereby solid pharmaceutical carriers are employed.Optionally, tablets may be coated by standard aqueous or nonaqueoustechniques.

A tablet containing the composition of this invention may be prepared bycompression or molding, optionally with one or more accessoryingredients or adjuvants. Compressed tablets may be prepared bycompressing, in a suitable machine, the active ingredient in afree-flowing form such as powder or granules, optionally mixed with abinder, lubricant, inert diluent, surface active or dispersing agent.Molded tablets may be made by molding in a suitable machine, a mixtureof the powdered compound moistened with an inert liquid diluent. Eachtablet preferably contains from about 0.05 mg to about 5 g of the activeingredient and each sachet or capsule preferably contains from about0.05 mg to about 5 g of the active ingredient.

For example, a formulation intended for oral administration to humansmay contain from about 0.5 mg to about 5 g of active agent, compoundedwith an appropriate and convenient amount of carrier material, which mayvary from about 5 to about 95% of the total composition. Unit dosageforms will generally contain from about 1 mg to about 2 g of the activeingredient, typically 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg, 500mg, 600 mg, 800 mg, or 1000 mg.

Pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention suitable forparenteral administration may be prepared as solutions or suspensions ofthe active compounds in water. A suitable surfactant can be includedsuch as, for example, hydroxypropylcellulose. Dispersions can also beprepared in glycerol, liquid polyethylene glycols, and mixtures thereofin oils. Further, a preservative can be included to prevent thedetrimental growth of microorganisms.

Pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention suitable forinjectable use include sterile aqueous solutions or dispersions.Furthermore, the compositions can be in the form of sterile powders forthe extemporaneous preparation of such sterile injectable solutions ordispersions. In all cases, the final injectable form must be sterile andmust be effectively fluid for easy syringability. The pharmaceuticalcompositions must be stable under the conditions of manufacture andstorage; thus, preferably should be preserved against the contaminatingaction of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. The carrier can bea solvent or dispersion medium containing, for example, water, ethanol,polyol (e.g. glycerol, propylene glycol and liquid polyethylene glycol),vegetable oils, and suitable mixtures thereof.

Pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention can be in a fornsuitable for topical use such as, for example, an aerosol, cream,ointment, lotion, dusting powder, or the like. Further, the compositionscan be in a form suitable for use in transdermal devices. Theseformulations may be prepared, utilizing a compound of Formula (I), or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, via conventional processingmethods. As an example, a cream or ointment is prepared by admixinghydrophilic material and water, together with about 5 wt % to about 10wt % of the compound, to produce a cream or ointment having a desiredconsistency.

Pharmaceutical compositions of this invention can be in a form suitablefor rectal administration wherein the carrier is a solid. It ispreferable that the mixture forms unit dose suppositories. Suitablecarriers include cocoa butter and other materials commonly used in theart. The suppositories may be conveniently formed by first admixing thecomposition with the softened or melted carrier(s) followed by chillingand shaping in molds.

In addition to the aforementioned carrier ingredients, thepharmaceutical formulations described above may include, as appropriate,one or more additional carrier ingredients such as diluents, buffers,flavoring agents, binders, surface-active agents, thickeners,lubricants, preservatives (including anti-oxidants) and the like.Furthermore, other adjuvants can be included to render the formulationisotonic with the blood of the intended recipient. Compositionscontaining a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, may also be prepared in powder or liquid concentrate form.

Generally, dosage levels on the order of 0.01 mg/kg to about 150 mg/kgof body weight per day are useful in the treatment of theabove-indicated conditions, or alternatively about 0.5 mg to about 7 gper patient per day. For example, diabetes and hyperglycemia may beeffectively treated by the administration of from about 0.01 to 50 mg ofthe compound per kilogram of body weight per day, or alternatively about0.5 mg to about 3.5 g per patient per day. Similarly,hypercholesterolemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension,atherosclerosis or tissue ischemia e.g. myocardial ischemia may beeffectively treated by the administration of from about 0.01 to 50 mg ofthe compound per kilogram of body weight per day, or alternatively about0.5 mg to about 3.5 g per patient per day.

It is understood, however, that the specific dose level for anyparticular patient will depend upon a variety of factors including theage, body weight, general health, sex, diet, time of administration,route of administration, rate of excretion, drug combination and theseverity of the particular disease undergoing therapy.

The compounds of Formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable saltsthereof, may be used in the treatment of diseases or conditions in whichglycogen phosphorylase plays a role.

Thus the invention also provides a method for the treatment of a diseaseor condition in which glycogen phosphorylase plays a role comprising astep of administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amountof a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof.

Diseases or conditions in which glycogen phosphorylase plays a roleinclude diabetes (including Type I and Type II, impaired glucosetolerance, insulin resistance and diabetic complications such asneuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy and cataracts), hyperglycemia,hypercholesterolemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension,atherosclerosis, tissue ischemia e.g. myocardial ischemia.

The invention also provides a method for the treatment of hyperglycemiaor diabetes comprising a step of administering to a subject in needthereof an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

The invention also provides a method for the prevention of diabetes in ahuman demonstrating pre-diabetic hyperglycemia or impaired glucosetolerance comprising a step of administering to a subject in needthereof an effective prophylactic amount of a compound of Formula (I),or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

The invention also provides a method for the treatment ofhypercholesterolemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension,atherosclerosis or tissue ischemia comprising a step of administering toa patient in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of Formula(I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

The invention also provides a method of cardioprotection e.g. followingreperfusion injury, comprising a step of administering to a subject inneed thereof an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

The invention also provides the use of a compound of Formula (I), or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the treatment of acondition as defined above.

The invention also provides the use of a compound of Formula (I), or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of amedicament for the treatment of a condition as defined above.

In the methods of the invention the term “treatment” includes boththerapeutic and prophylactic treatment.

The compounds of Formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable saltsthereof, may be administered alone or in combination with one or moreother therapeutically active compounds. The other therapeutically activecompounds may be for the treatment of the same disease or condition asthe compounds of Formula (I) or a different disease or condition. Thetherapeutically active compounds may be administered simultaneously,sequentially or separately.

The compounds of Formula (I) may be administered with other activecompounds for the treatment of diabetes, for example insulin and insulinanalogs, sulfonyl ureas and analogs, biguanides, α2 agonists, fatty acidoxidation inhibitors, α-glucosidase inhibitors, β-agonists,phosphodiesterase inhibitors, lipid lowering agents, antiobesity agents,amylin antagonists, lipoxygenase inhibitors, somostatin analogs,glucokinase activators, glucagon antagonists, insulin signallingagonists, PTP1B inhibitors, gluconeogenesis inhibitors, antilypoliticagents, GSK inhibitors, galanin receptor agonists, anorectic agents, CCKreceptor agonists, leptin, CRF antagonists or CRF binding proteins.

The compounds of Formula (I) may also be administered in combinationwith thyromimetic compounds, aldose reductase inhibitors, glucocorticoidreceptor antagonists, NHE-1 inhibitors or sorbitol dehydrogenaseinhibitors.

The compounds of Formula (I) may exhibit advantageous propertiescompared to known glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors, for example, thecompounds may exhibit improved solubility thus improving absorptionproperties and bioavailability. Furthermore the compounds of Formula (I)may exhibit further advantageous properties such as reduced inhibitionof cytochrome P450 enzymes, meaning that they are less likely to causeadverse drug-drug interactions than known glycogen phosphorylaseinhibitors.

All publications, including, but not limited to, patents and patentapplication cited in this specification, are herein incorporated byreference as if each individual publication were specifically andindividually indicated to be incorporated by reference herein as fullyset forth.

In accordance with this invention, the compounds of Formula (I) can beprepared as outlined in Scheme 1 below wherein R¹, R^(1′), R², R³, X₁,X₂, X₃, X₄, Y and Z are as defined above for Formula (I):

According to Scheme 1, the compounds of Formula (I) may be prepared bycoupling the appropriate pyrrolopyridine-2-carboxylic acid of Formula(II), or a protected or activated derivative thereof, with theappropriate amine of Formula (III). Compounds of Formula (II) can beobtained by the syntheses described in Schemes 3 and 5 below. Compoundsof Formula (III) are generally commercially available or can be obtainedby the syntheses described in Schemes 8 and 9 below.

Typically, the compound of Formula (II), or a protected or activatedderivative thereof, is combined with a compound of Formula (III) in thepresence of a suitable coupling agent. Examples of suitable couplingreagents are 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimidehydrochloride/hydroxybenzotriazole (EDCI/HOBt), 1,1-carbonyldiimidazole(CDI), dicyclohexylcarbodiimide/hydroxybenzotriazole (DCC/HOBt),O-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate(R. Knorr et al., Tetrahedron Lett., 1989, 30, 1927-1930) and polymersupported carbodiimide-1-hydroxybenzotriazole (for representativeprocedures, see for example, Argonaut Technical Note 501 available fromArgonaut Technologies, Inc., Foster City, Calif.). The couplings areperformed in an inert solvent, preferably an aprotic solvent at atemperature of about 0° C. to about 45° C. for about 1 to 72 h in thepresence of a tertiary amine base such as diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA)or triethylamine. Exemplary solvents include acetonitrile, chloroform,dichloromethane, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) or mixtures thereof. Use ofthese coupling agents and appropriate selection of solvents andtemperatures are known to those skilled in the art or can be readilydetermined from the literature. These and other exemplary conditionsuseful for coupling carboxylic acids are described in Houben-Weyl, VolXV, part II, E. Wunsch, Ed., G. Thieme Verlag, 1974, Stuttgart, and M.Bodansky, Principles of Peptide Synthesis, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1984and The Peptides, Analysis, Synthesis and Biology (Ed., E. Gross and J.Meienhofer), Vols 1-5, Academic Press NY 1979-1983.

In a second process, the compounds of Formula (I) (wherein Z is C═O andR³ is —NR⁴(—C₀₋₄alkylR⁵)) may be prepared according to Scheme 2 bycoupling the appropriate carboxylic acid of Formula (I), or a protectedor activated derivative thereof, (wherein Z is absent and R³ is —CO₂H)with the appropriate amine of Formula (IV). Examples of suitablecoupling agents and conditions are as described above. Compounds ofFormula (IV) are commercially available or are readily prepared by knowntechniques.

Compounds of Formula (II) can be prepared as illustrated in Scheme 3.

Compounds of Formula (VI) may be prepared by condensation of orthomethyl nitro compounds of Formula (V) with an oxalate ester in a solventsuch as diethyl ether in the presence of a base such as potassiumethoxide or DBU. Compounds of Formula (VII) are prepared from compoundsof Formula (VI) under reducing conditions, such as iron powder andammonium chloride, or by hydrogenation in ethanol using palladiumcatalysis. Compounds of Formula (VII) undergo ester hydrolysis usingaqueous alkali to give pyrrolopyridine-2-carboxylic acids of Formula(II). Further information on the conversion of compounds of Formula (V)to compounds of Formula (II) are described in the literature (Kerrnack,et al., J. Chem, Soc., 1921, 119, 1602; Cannon et al., J. Med. Chem.,1981, 24, 238; Julian et al., in Heterocyclic Compounds, Vol 3 (Wiley,New York, N.Y., 1962, R. C. Elderfield, Ed.) p 18.

Alternatively, the compound of Formula (VII) wherein X₂ is nitrogen canbe prepared as illustrated in Scheme 4.

Deprotonation of compounds of Formula (VIII) with an organolithium suchas n-butyllithium in a suitable solvent such as THF, followed byquenching with methyl iodide gives compounds of Formula (IX). Suchcompounds can undergo further deprotonation with tert-butyllithium, in asuitable solvent such as THF, followed by quenching with diethyl oxalateand subsequent heating of the intermediate under reflux in hydrochloricacid, to give compounds of Formula (VII).

Compounds of Formula (II) may also be prepared according to Scheme 5 byHeck coupling of an ortho-iodo aminopyridine (XIV) followed bycyclisation at a temperature of between 100 to 150° C. in the presenceof catalyst such as palladium acetate and a base such as DABCO in asolvent such as DMF (See Chen et al, J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 2676). Theortho-iodo aminopyridines (XIV) can be made by direct iodination of theappropriate aminopyridine (XIII) using iodine in the presence of silversulfate in a solvent such as ethanol at ambient temperature (see Sy, W.,Synth. Commun., 1992, 22, 3215).

Alternatively compounds of Formula (XIV) may be prepared according toScheme 6 by deprotection of N-pivaloyl compounds (XV) by heating underrefluk using hydrochloric acid. The N-pivaloyl compounds (XV) are inturn made by deprotonation of compounds of Formula (XVI) with anorganolithium such as tert-butyllithium in a suitable solvent such asTHF, followed by quenching with iodine at a low temperature. Compoundsof formula (XVI) may be made by protection of commercially availableaminopyridines (XIII) with trimethylacetyl chloride and a base such astriethylamine in a solvent such as dichloromethane.

Alternatively compounds of Formula (XIV) may be prepared according toScheme 7 by deprotection of N-BOC protected compounds (XVII) using anacid such as trifluoroacetic acid in a solvent such as dichloromethaneat ambient temperature. The N-BOC compounds (XVII) are in turn made bydeprotonation of compounds of Formula (XVIII) with an organolithium suchas n-butyllithium in the presence ofN,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) in a suitable solvent suchas ether at temperatures around −70° C. followed by the addition ofiodine at temperatures around −10° C. The N-BOC aminopyridines (XVIII)are routinely made from the commercially available aminopyridines (XIII)using di-tert-butyldicarbonate by heating in a solvent such as1,4-dioxane.

Protected or activated derivatives of the compounds of Formula (II) maybe prepared by methods known to those skilled in the art.

Compounds of Formula (III) can be prepared as illustrated in Scheme 8.

Compounds of Formula (X) are generally commercially available or arereadily prepared by known techniques. PG represents a protecting groupsuch as, for example, tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc). Compounds of Formula(XI) are made from carboxylic acids of Formula (X) using standardcoupling conditions as described above for Scheme 1.

Compounds of Formula (III) can be prepared as illustrated in Scheme 8.

Compounds of Formula (III) may be prepared from compounds of Formula(XI) by removal of the protecting group, where PG=Boc, under acidicconditions using for example trifluoroacetic acid in dichloromethane attemperatures of around 25° C.

Compounds of Formula (III) wherein R² is H, Y is C₀ alkyl, Z is —C(O)—and R³ is —C₀alkylaryl or —C₀alkylhetaryl can be prepared according toScheme 9.

Compounds of Formula (XXIII) are reacted with potassium phthalimide in asolvent such as DMF to give compounds of Formula (XXII) which can thenbe reacted with ethylene glycol in the presence of a catalytic amount ofacid such as p-toluene sulfonic acid in a solvent such as toluene whilstremoving water to give compounds of Formula (XXI). The phthalimideprotecting group can then be removed using hydrazine hydrate by heatingas a neat solution or by heating in a solvent such as ethanol to givecompounds of Formula (XX). These amines are then coupled with compoundsof Formula (II) under standard coupling conditions as described inScheme 1, and then the ketal group is removed in the presence of acidsuch as hydrochloric acid in a solvent such as acetone at refluxtemperature to give the compounds of Formula (I).

Compounds of Formula (I) (wherein Z is C═O and R³ is C₁₋₄alkoxy) may beprepared as illustrated in Scheme 10 by combination of compounds ofFormula (II) and compounds of Formula (XII) under standard couplingconditions as described for Scheme 1. Compounds of Formula (XII) aregenerally commercially available or are readily prepared by knowntechniques

Compounds of Formula (I) (wherein Z is absent and R³ is —CO₂H) may beprepared by ester hydrolysis of compounds of Formula (I) (where Z is C═Oand R³ is a C₁₋₄alkoxy group) using aqueous alkali typically at atemperature of around 25° C. for 30 min to 20 h.

The compounds of Formula (I) may be prepared singly or as compoundlibraries comprising at least 2, for example 5 to 1,000 compounds andmore preferably 10 to 100 compounds of Formula (I). Compound librariesmay be prepared by a combinatorial “split and mix” approach or bymultiple parallel synthesis using either solution or solid phasechemistry, using procedures known to those skilled in the art.

During the synthesis of the compounds of Formula (I), labile functionalgroups in the intermediate compounds, e.g. hydroxy, carboxy and aminogroups, may be protected. The compounds of Formula (II) may be protectedin the 1-position e.g. with an arylmethyl, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl,sulfonyl or silyl group. The protecting groups may be removed at anystage in the synthesis of the compounds of Formula (I) or may be presenton the final compound of Formula (I). A comprehensive discussion of theways in which various labile functional groups may be protected andmethods for cleaving the resulting protected derivatives is given in forexample, Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry, T. W. Greene and P. G.M. Wuts, (1991) Wiley-Interscience, New York, 2^(nd) edition.

Any novel intermediates as defined above are also included within thescope of the invention.

The invention also provides a compound of Formula (IIA):

or a C₁₋₄alkyl ester or protected derivative thereof, wherein:

one of X₁, X₂, X₃ and X₄ must be N and the others must be C;

-   -   R¹ and R^(1′) are each independently, halogen, hydroxyl, cyano,        C₀₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl,        trifluoromethyl, ethenyl, or ethynyl or absent;

provided that when X₁, X₃ or X₄ is N, then R¹ and R^(1′) are not bothhydrogen.

Preferred compounds of formula (IIA) include those where X₃ is N.

Preferably one of R¹ and R^(1′) is hydrogen and the other is halo orcyano, in particular, when X₁, X₃ or X₄ is N, 5-halo e.g. 5-chloro, or5-cyano.

Specific compounds of Formula (IIA) include:

-   5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid;-   5-Bromo-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid;-   5-Cyano-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid;-   5-Methoxy-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid;-   1H-Pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid;-   6-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid;-   6-Cyano-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid;-   5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid;-   5-Bromo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid;-   5-Ethynyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid;-   5-Cyano-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid;-   5-Methyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid;-   5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid;-   6-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid; and-   6-Cyano-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid.

The invention also provides a compound of formula (XIX):

wherein R¹, R^(1′, X) ₁, X₂, X₃, and X₄ are as defined above for Formula(I) and R³ is —C₀alkylaryl or —C₀alkylhetaryl.

The invention also provides the novel compound4(S)-(4-fluorobenzyl)oxazolidine-2,5-dione, which may be prepared asdescribed in the Experimental section below.

EXPERIMENTAL

Materials & Methods

Column chromatography was carried out on SiO₂ (40-63 mesh). LCMS datawere obtained using a Waters Symmetry 3.5μ C₁₈ column (2.1×30.0 mm, flowrate=0.8 mL/min) eluting with a (5% MeCN in H₂O)-MeCN solutioncontaining 0.1% HCO₂H over 6 min and UV detection at 220 nm. Gradientinformation: 0.0-1.2 min: 100% (5% MeCN in H₂O); 1.2-3.8 min: ramp up to10% (5% MeCN in H₂O)—90% MeCN; 3.8-4.4 min: hold at 10% (5% MeCN inH₂O)—90% MeCN; 4.4-5.5 min: ramp up to 100% MeCN; 5.5-6.0 min: return to100% (5% MeCN in H₂O). The mass spectra were obtained employing anelectrospray ionisation source in the positive (ES⁺) ion mode. NMRspectra were acquired at 27° C. on a Varian Mercury 400 spectrometeroperating at 400 MHz or on a Bruker AMX2 500 spectrometer operating at500 MHz. Mass directed purification was performed on a MicromassPlatform LC with cone voltage 30 v, employing an electrospray ionisationsource in the positive (ES⁺) ion mode, Waters 996 Photodiode ArrayDetector (210-390 nm), Xterra Prep MS, C₁₈, 5μ 19×50 mm columns, and amobile Phase of MeCN+0.1% Formic Acid/H₂O+5% MeCN+0. 1% Formic Acid

Abbreviations and acronyms: BOC: tert-butyloxycarbonyl; DABCO:bicyclo(2,2,2)-1,4-diazaoctane; DBU: 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene;DCM: Dichloromethane; DIPEA: N,N-Diisopropylethylamine; DMAP:4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridine; DMF: N,N-Dimethylformamide; DMSO:Dimethylsulfoxide; DMTMM: 4-(4,6-dimethoxy[1.3.5]triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride hydrate; EDCI:1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride; GP:Glycogen Phosphorylase; HATU:O-(7-Azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphate; HOBt: 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole; MDP: Mass directedpurification; MgSO₄: Magnesium sulfate; PS: Polymer supported; rt: roomtemperature; RT: Retention time; THF: Tetrahydrofuran, TBTU:O-(benzotriazol-1-yl) N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroboratePreparation 1: 6-Methyl-5-nitropyridin-2-ylamine

The title compound was prepared according to the method of Parker andShive (J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1947, 69, 63) as a brown powder. δ_(H) (d₆DMSO): 2.6 (3H, s), 6.37 (1H, d, 9.13 Hz), 7.31 (2H, s), 8.08 (1H, d,9.13 Hz); m/z (ES⁺)=154.06 [M+H]⁺; RT=0.57 min.Preparation 2: 6-Methyl-5-nitro-1H-pyridin-2-one

The title compound was prepared according to the method of Baumgartenand Su (J. Am. Chem. Soc, 1952, 74, 3828) as a brown powder. δ_(H) (d₆DMSO): 2.62 (3H, s), 6.28 (1H, d, 9.94 Hz), 8.10 (1H, d, 9.94 Hz).

Preparation 3: 2-Chloro-6-methyl-5-nitropyridine

A suspension of 6-methyl-5-nitro-1H-pyridin-2-one (Preparation 2, 3.53g, 22.9 mmol) in phosphorous oxychloride (20 mL) was heated to 115° C.(oil bath temperature) for 3 h then allowed to cool to rt. Thephosphorous oxychloride was removed in vacuo and the residue poured intoiced water (100 mL). The mixture was quenched by addition of saturatedsodium bicarbonate solution, then the aqueous mixture was extracted withethyl acetate (3×100 mL). The combined organics were washed with brine,dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo to furnish the titlecompound as a brown solid. δ_(H) (CDCl₃): 2.86 (3H, s), 7.36 (1H, d,8.59 Hz), 8.27 (1H, d, 8.32 Hz).Preparation 4: 3-(2-Chloro-5-nitropyridin-6-yl)-2-oxopropionic acidethyl ester

To a solution of potassium ethoxide (134 mg, 1.59 mmol) in diethyl ether(5 mL) and ethanol (1 mL) was added diethyl oxalate (218 μL, 1.59 mmol)in one portion and the resulting solution was stirred for 30 min at rt.2-Chloro-6-methyl-5-nitropyridine (Preparation 3, 250 mg, 1.45 mmol) wasadded as a suspension in diethyl ether (2 mL, anhydrous) and stirringwas continued for 17 h at rt. The mixture was filtered on a sinter,washing with cold diethyl ether. The collected precipitate was dissolvedin glacial acetic acid then evaporated to dryness in vacuo to give thetitle compound as a brown powder. δ_(H) (CDCl₃): 1.40 (3H, t, 7.27 Hz),4.38 (2H, q, 7.25 Hz), 7.33 (1H, d, 8.59 Hz), 7.37 (1H, s), 8.40 (1H, d,8.86 Hz).Preparation 5: 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acidethyl ester

To a solution of 3-(2-chloro-5-nitropyridin-6-yl)-2-oxopropionic acidethyl ester (Preparation 4, 1.53 g, 5.6 mmol) in THF (65 mL) and ethanol(30 mL) was added saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution (30 mL)and the suspension was vigorously stirred at rt. Iron powder (1.95 g,34.8 mmol) was added portionwise and the mixture was heated under refluxfor 2 h then allowed to cool prior to filtration through a celite plug,and washed through with warm THF. The mixture was concentrated underreduced pressure to give an aqueous suspension, which was filteredthrough a sinter, washing with water. The wet solid was washed withmethanol and dried. The residue was adsorbed onto silica gel andpurified via flash chromatography eluting with ethyl acetate/hexane(1:19) to give the title compound as a white solid. δ_(H) (CD₃OD): 1.42(3H, t, 7.03 Hz), 4.42 (2H, q, 7.32 Hz), 7.15 (1H, s), 7.30 (1H, d, 8.79Hz), 7.89 (1H, d, 8.35 Hz); m/z (ES⁺)=225.03 [M+H]+; RT=3.32 min.Preparation 6: 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid

To a stirred solution of 5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxylicacid ethyl ester (Preparation 5, 151 mg, 0.67 mmol) in ethanol (10 mL)was added sodium hydroxide (0.35 mL, 2M) and the stirred solution washeated at 70° C. for 2 h. The reaction mixture was then allowed to coolto rt and left to stand for 16 h. The pH was adjusted to 4 by additionof glacial acetic acid, the solvents removed in vacuo to give a whitesolid, which was suspended in dichloromethane and filtered through asinter, washing with additional dichloromethane. The filter cake waswashed with ethyl acetate (3×30 mL) and dried to give the title compoundas a white solid. δ_(H) (CD₃OD): 6.97 (1H, s), 7.17 (1H, d, 8.35 Hz),7.83 (1H, d, 8.35 Hz); m/z (ES⁺)=197 [M+H]⁺; RT=2.82 min.Preparation 7: N-tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-(S)-phenylalanine dimethylamide

A solution of dimethylamine hydrochloride (1.45 g, 17.8 mmol) in DMF (46mL) was cooled to −10° C. and triethylamine (2.7 mL, 19.4 mmol) wasadded. N-Boc-L-phenylalanine (4.59 g, 17.3 mmol, Aldrich) and HOBt (3.49g, 26 mmol) were then added and the reaction stirred for 5 min beforeaddition of EDCI (3.33 g, 17.4 mmol). The reaction mixture was left tostir for 16 h then diluted with ethyl acetate (400 mL), washedsequentially with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (2M, 2×100 mL),hydrochloric acid (2N, 2×100 mL), brine (250 mL) and then dried (MgSO₄).Evaporation in vacuo gave the title compound as a pale yellow oil. δ_(H)(CDCl₃): 1.41 (9H, s), 2.61, 2.85 (6H, 2s), 2.91-2.99 (2H, m), 4.83 (H1,m), 5.40 (1H, br d), 7.18-7.29 (5H, m).Preparation 8: 2-(S)-Amino-N,N-dimethyl-3-phenylpropionamidehydrochloride

To a solution of N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-(S)-phenylalanine dimethylamide(Preparation 7, 24.8 g, 84 mmol) in methanol (50 mL) was added asolution of hydrochloric acid (4N, in dioxane, 40 mL) and the mixturestirred at rt for 3 h. The resulting solution was concentrated in vacuothen dissolved in water (300 mL). The aqueous solution was washed withethyl acetate (3×100 mL) and concentrated again. Successiverecrystallisations with methanol (200 mL) and a mixture of methanol andtoluene (1:1, 200 mL) gave the title compound as colourless crystals.δ_(H) (D₂O) 2.75, 2.90 (6H, 2×s), 3.18 (2H, m), 4.72 (1H, t), 7.28-7.45(5H, m).Preparation 9: Pyridin-4-ylcarbamic acid tert-butyl ester

Pyridin-4-ylcarbamic acid tert-butyl ester was prepared according to themethod of Spivey et al., (J. Org. Chem., 1999, 64, 9430) to give thetitle compound as a white crystalline solid. δ_(H) (CDCl₃): 1.52 (9H,s), 7.08 (1H, br s), 7.32 (2H, d), 8.43 (2H, d).Preparation 10: (3-Methylpyridin-4-yl)carbamic acid tert-butyl ester

(3-Methylpyridin-4-yl)carbamic acid tert-butyl ester was preparedaccording to the method of Hands et al., (Synthesis, 1996, 7, 877) togive the title compound as a pale yellow solid. δ_(H) (CDCl₃): 1.55 (9H,s), 2.22 (3H, s), 6.52 (1H, s), 7.97 (1H, d), 8.27 (1H, s), 8.36 (1H,d).Preparation 11: 1H-Pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

A solution of (3-methylpyridin-4-yl)carbamic acid tert-butyl ester(Preparation 10, 1.0 g, 4.8 mmol) in anhydrous THF (10 mL) was cooled to−40° C. and tert-butyl lithium (5.9 mL, 10.1 mmol) added dropwise. Thetemperature was maintained at −40° C. for 1 h and then a solution ofdiethyl oxalate (0.72 mL, 5.3 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added to themixture. The reaction was warmed to 0° C., maintained at thistemperature for 2 h, warmed to rt and stirred for 16 h. Hydrochloricacid (2N, 40 mL) was added and the reaction heated under reflux for 90min, concentrated in vacuo and adjusted to pH 8 with saturated aqueoussodium hydrogen carbonate solution. The mixture was extracted with ethylacetate (3×100 mL) and the organic solution dried (MgSO₄) andconcentrated in vacuo to give the title compound. δ_(H) (d₆ DMSO): 1.33(3H, t), 4.35 (2H, q), 7.27 (1H, s), 7.38 (1H, d), 8.25 (1H, d), 8.95(1H, s); m/z (ES⁺)=191 [M+H]⁺.Preparation 12: 1H-Pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid

Aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (2.4 mL, 2M, 4.8 mmol) was added to asolution of 1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester(Preparation 11, 0.76 g, 4.0 mmol) in ethanol (40 mL) and the mixtureheated under reflux for 2 h before being cooled and concentrated invacuo. The residue was dissolved in a minimum amount of water, glacialacetic acid (1 mL) was added and the solution cooled in a refrigeratorfor 3 days. The resultant precipitate was collected by filtration washedwith ether and dried in vacuo to give the title compound as a creamcoloured solid. δ_(H) (D₂O): 7.05 (1H, s), 7.63 (1H, d), 8.08 (1H, d),8.94 (1H, s).Preparation 13: 3-(3-Nitropyridin-4-yl)-2-oxopropionic acid ethyl ester

To a solution of potassium ethoxide (3.1 g, 36.2 mmol) in diethyl ether(70 mL) and ethanol (10 mL) under an argon atmosphere was added diethyloxalate (4.9 mL, 36.2 mmol) and the reaction stirred at rt for 30 min. Asolution of 4-methyl-3-nitropyridine (5.0 g, 36.2 mmol) in diethyl ether(20 mL) was added resulting in the immediate formation of a dark redprecipitate. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 72 h, thencooled to 0° C. and filtered. The solid was dissolved in water (500 mL)acidified to pH 4 with acetic acid and the precipitate collected anddried to give the title compound as a red solid. δ_(H) (d₆ DMSO): 1.27(3H, t), 4.25 (2H, q), 6.74 (1H, s), 8.34 (1H, d), 8.43 (1H, d), 8.98(1H, s); m/z (ES⁺)=239 [M+H]⁺.Preparation 14: 1H-Pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

To a solution of 3-(3-nitropyridin-4-yl)-2-oxopropionic acid ethyl ester(Preparation 13, 500 mg, 2.1 mmol) in ethanol (20 mL) and THF (10 mL)was added saturated ammonium chloride solution (10 mL) and iron powder(700 mg, 12.6 mmol). The reaction was heated under reflux for 1 h, thenfiltered through celite and washed through with hot ethyl acetate (3×30mL). The combined organic fractions were washed with brine (2 mL), dried(MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound as a brownsolid. δ_(H) (CD₃OD): 1.44 (3H, t), 4.43 (2H, q), 7.21 (1H, s), 7.69(1H, d), 8.12 (1H, d), 8.80 (1H, s).Preparation 15: 1H-Pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid

To a solution of 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester(Preparation 14, 310 mg, 1.6 mmol) in ethanol (20 mL) was added 2Nsodium hydroxide solution (1 mL, 2.0 mmol) and the reaction mixtureheated under reflux for 1.5 h then concentrated in vacuo. The residuewas dissolved in water (10 mL) and acidified with acetic acid giving animmediate brown precipitate. The solid was filtered and dried to givethe title compound as a beige solid. δ_(H) (D₂O): 7.11 (1H, s), 7.99(1H, d), 8.05 (1H, d), 8.85 (1H, s); m/z (ES⁺)=163 [M+H]⁺.Preparation 16: 3-(2-Chloro-5-nitropyridin-4-yl)-2-oxopropionic acidethyl ester

Route A: To a solution of potassium ethoxide (1.46 g, 17.4 mmol) indiethyl ether (80 mL) and ethanol (10 mL) under an argon atmosphere wasadded diethyl oxalate (2.4 mL, 17.4 mmol) and the mixture stirred at rtfor 0.5 h. A solution of 2-chloro-4-methyl-5-nitropyridine (3.0 g, 17.4mmol) in diethyl ether (20 mL) was added resulting in the formation of adark green precipitate. The reaction was stirred at rt for 15 h, cooledto 0° C., filtered and washed with cold diethyl ether to give a darkgreen solid. The solid was dissolved in water (200 mL) and acidified topH 4 with acetic acid to give an orange precipitate. The solid wascollected by filtration and dried to give the title compound. m/z(ES⁺)=273 [M+H]⁺.

Route B: To a solution of 2-chloro-4-methyl-5-nitropyridine (1.0 g, 5.8mmol) in diethyl oxalate (4.23 g, 29 mmol) under an argon atmosphere wasadded 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.95 mL, 6.4 mol). The mixturewas stirred at rt for 1.5 h then diluted with t-butyl methyl ether (40mL), water (3 mL) and acetic acid (1 ml). The organic layer wasseparated, washed with water, dried (MgSO₄) and evaporated to dryness.The resultant damp red solid residue was finally dried under high vacuumat 40-50° C. to give the title compound.Preparation 17: 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acidethyl ester

3-(2-Chloro-5-nitropyridin-4-yl)-2-oxopropionic acid ethyl ester(Preparation 16, 3.0 g, 11.0 mmol) was dissolved in ethanol (100 mL) andTHF (50 mL). Iron powder (3.7 g, 66.0 mmol) and saturated ammoniumchloride solution (50 mL) were added and the mixture heated under refluxfor 2 h. The mixture was cooled, filtered through celite and washedseveral times with ethyl acetate. The organic layers were combined,washed with brine (100 mL), dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo togive the title compound as a brown solid. δ_(H) (CD₃OD): 1.42 (3H, t),4.44 (2H, q), 7.15 (1H, s), 7.70 (1H, s), 8.59 (1H, s); m/z (ES⁺)=225[M+H]⁺.Preparation 18: 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid

Route A: To a solution of5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester(Preparation 17, 1.78 g, 7.9 mmol) in ethanol (70 mL) was added sodiumhydroxide solution (5.2 mL, 2M, 10.3 mmol) and the mixture heated underreflux for 2 h. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the solid dissolvedin water (150 mL) and acidified to pH 4 with acetic acid to give thetitle compound as a brown solid that was isolated by filtration. δ_(H)(CD₃OD): 7.13 (1H, s), 7.68 (1H, s), 8.58 (1H, s); m/z (ES⁺)=197 [M+H]⁺.

Route B: A mixture of 6-chloro-4-iodopyridin-3-ylamine (Preparation 106,0.33 g, 1.30 mmol), pyruvic acid (0.27 mL, 3.89 mmol), DABCO (0.44 g,3.89 mmol) and palladium acetate (0.015 g, 0.07 mmol) in dry DMF wasstirred vigorously and degassed with argon for 15 min. The reactionmixture was heated to 107° C. for 5 h. The reaction mixture was allowedto cool to rt and stirred for 16 h. The volatiles were removed underreduced pressure and the residue partitioned between ethyl acetate (100mL) and water (50 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueousextracted with ethyl acetate (2×50 mL). The combined organics wereextracted with aqueous NaOH (2M, 3×70 mL). The combined aqueous extractswere acidified to pH 4 by careful addition of glacial acetic acid, thenextracted with ethyl acetate (3×60 mL). The combined organics werewashed with brine (50 mL), dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated invacuo to give the title compound as a brown solid. RT=2.72 min, m/z(ES⁺)=197 [M+H]⁺Preparation 19:[1-(S)-(4-Fluorobenzyl)-2-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl]carbamicacid tert-butyl ester

To a stirred solution of Boc-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-(S)-alanine (10.0 g,35.3 mmol), 4-hydroxypiperidine hydrochloride (5.1 g, 37.1 mmol) andHOBt (7.2 g, 52.9 mmol) in DMF (100 mL), was added DIPEA (12.3 mL, 70.6mmol) and after 5 min, EDCI (7.4 g, 38.8 mmol) and the reaction stirredat rt for 16 h. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residuepartitioned between water (150 mL) and ethyl acetate (2×150 mL). Thecombined organic fractions were washed with sodium hydroxide solution(2M, 50 mL), hydrochloric acid (2N, 50 mL), dried (MgSO₄) andconcentrated in vacuo. The product was chromatographed on silica geleluting with ethyl acetate to give the title compound as a white solid.m/z (ES⁺)=367 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.28 min.Preparation 20:2-(S)-Amino-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)propan-1-onehydrochloride

Route A: To a solution of [1(S)-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl]carbamicacid tert-butyl ester (Preparation 19, 11.6 g, 31.7 mmol) in methanol(40 mL) was added hydrochloric acid in dioxane (24 mL, 4N, 95.0 mmol)and the reaction mixture stirred at rt for 6 h. The solvent was removedin vacuo and the residue was dissolved in water (100 mL) and extractedinto ethyl acetate (2×50 mL). The aqueous phase was evaporated todryness to give the title compound as a white solid. δ_(H) (D₂O):0.52-0.63 (0.5H, m), 1.12-1.23 (0.5H, m), 1.26-1.38 (1H, m), 1.42-1.50(0.5H, m), 1.59-1.69 (0.5H, m), 1.72-1.82 (1H, m), 2.61-2.71 (0.5H, m),2.91-3.15 (4H, m), 3.33-3.47 (1H, m), 3.69-3.78 (1H, m), 3.88-3.96 (1H,m), 4.60-4.72 (1H, m), 7.02-7.11 (2H, m), 7.14-7.26 (2H, m).

Route B: To a solution of 4-hydroxypiperidine (40 mg, 0.4 mmol) inanhydrous THF (3 mL) under an argon atmosphere was added a solution of4(S)-(4-fluorobenzyl)oxazolidine-2,5-dione (Preparation 117, 100 mg,0.48 mmol) in THF (2 mL) dropwise over 15 min. The resulting mixture wasstirred for 40 h at rt before removal of the solvent in vacuo. The crudematerial was purified by column chromatography (SiO₂, 9:1dichloromethane/methanol) to afford an oil. The free amine was dissolvedin methanol (2 mL) and a solution of 4M HCl in dioxane (0.3 mL) wasadded and stirring was continued for 15 min. The solvent was removed invacuo and the material partitioned between ethyl acetate (5 mL) andwater (5 mL). The aqueous layer was concentrated in vacuo to give thetitle compound. δ_(H) (CD₃OD): 7.36-7.29 (2H, m), 7.17-7.10 (2H, m),4.70 (1H, t), 4.09-4.00 (0.5H, m), 3.91-3.74 (1.5H, m), 3.64-3.56 (0.5H,m), 3.43-3.31 (1H, m), 3.26-3.07 (3H, m), 2.89-2.80 (0.5H, m), 1.87-1.69(1.5H, m), 1.56-1.36 (2H, m), 1.09-0.99 (0.5H, m).Preparation 21: (3S,2R)-3-Amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyric acid methylester

(3S,2R)-3-Amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyric acid methyl ester wassynthesized according to the method of A. Fässler et al., (TetrahedronLett., 1998, 39, 4925) in three steps from commercially availableN-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-L-phenylalaninal. R_(f) 0.29(dichloromethane/methanol: 9/1); δ_(H) (CDCl₃): 2.04 (3H, m), 2.73 (1H,dd), 2.92 (1H, dd), 3.36 (1H, ddd), 3.79 (3H, s), 4.08 (1H, d),7.22-7.33 (5H, m).Preparation 21A: (3S,2S)-3-Amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyric acid methylester

(3S,2S)-3-Amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyric acid methyl ester was obtainedas a side product in Preparation 21. R_(f) 0.19(dichloromethane/methanol: 9/1); δ_(H) (CDCl₃): 2.10 (2H, br s), 2.61(1H, dd), 2.84 (1H, dd), 3.38 (1H, m), 3.78 (3H, s), 4.14(1H, br s).Preparation 22: Cis-3,4-Dihydroxypyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid benzylester

A solution of benzyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-1-carboxylate (10.0 g, 49.3mmol) in THF (200 mL) was treated with osmium tetroxide solution (2.5%in tert-butanol, 5 mL) and N-methylmorpholine (6.90 g, 59.0 mmol) andthe reaction mixture stirred at rt under argon for 72 h. Aqueous sodiumthiosulfate solution (10%, 200 mL) was added and the mixture stirred fora further 1 h and then concentrated in vacuo. The resulting aqueouslayer was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×200 mL) and the combinedorganic layers washed with aqueous sodium thiosulfate solution (10%, 300mL) and hydrochloric acid (1N, 300 mL). The organic fraction was dried(MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound as anoff-white solid. δ_(H) (CDCl₃): 2.67 (2H, br s), 3.38-3.45 (2H, m),3.63-3.67 (2H, m), 4.22-4.26 (2H, m), 5.12 (2H, s), 7.30-7.38 (5H, m);m/z (ES⁺)=238 [M+H]⁺.Preparation 23: Cis-3,4-Dihydroxypyrrolidine

Palladium-on-carbon (144 mg, 10 wt %) was added to a solution ofcis-3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (Preparation22, 403 mg, 1.70 mmol) in ethanol (20 mL) and cyclohexene (2 mL) and themixture stirred and heated under reflux for 6 h. After filtrationthrough celite and repeated washing of the catalyst with methanol(CARE!), the filtrate and washings were combined and concentrated invacuo to give the title compound as a colourless oil. δ_(H) (d₄ MeOH):2.81 (2H, dd), 3.03 (2H, m), 4.07 (2H, m).Preparation 24: 2-Bromo-4-methyl-5-nitropyridine

To a suspension of 2-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-nitropyridine (1 g, 6.5 mmol) indichloroethane (10 mL) was added a solution of phosphorus oxybromide(2.8 g, 9.7 mmol) in dichloroethane (10 mL). The reaction mixture washeated under reflux for 4 h, then cooled to rt and quenched with water(4 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer extracted intodichloromethane (2×3 mL). The combined organics were dried (MgSO₄),concentrated in vacuo and chromatographed on silica gel eluting withdichloromethane to give the title compound as a pale yellow solid. δ_(H)(CDCl₃): 2.63 (3H, s), 7.52 (1H, s), 8.96 (1H, s).Preparation 25: 3-(2-Bromo-5-nitropyridin-4-yl)-2-oxopropionic acidethyl ester

To a solution of potassium ethoxide (2.05 g, 24.3 mmol) in diethyl ether(70 mL) and ethanol (10 mL) under an argon atmosphere was added diethyloxalate (3.3 mL, 24.3 mmol) and the reaction stirred at rt for 15 min. Asolution of 2-bromo-4-methyl-5-nitropyridine (Preparation 24, 4.8 g,22.1 mmol) in diethyl ether (20 mL) was added to the reaction mixturegiving an immediate black precipitate. The reaction was allowed to stirat rt for 6 h, then cooled to 0° C. and filtered to give a black solid.The solid was dissolved in water (250 mL) and acidified to pH 4 withacetic acid resulting in formation of a red precipitate. The solid wascollected and dried to give the title compound as a red solid. δ_(H) (d₆DMSO): 1.16 (3H, t), 4.01 (2H, q), 6.55 (1H, s), 7.92 (1H, s), 8.96 (1H,s).Preparation 26: 5-Bromo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acidethyl ester

Route A: To a solution of 3-(-bromo-5-nitropyridin-4-yl)-2-oxopropionicacid ethyl ester (Preparation 25, 3.38 g, 10.7 mmol) in THF (50 mL) andethanol (100 mL) was added saturated ammonium chloride solution (50 mL)and iron powder (3.57 g, 64.0 mmol) and the reaction heated under refluxfor 2 h. The reaction mixture was filtered through celite and washedseveral times with ethyl acetate. The solvent was removed in vacuo andthe remainder partitioned between saturated sodium hydrogen carbonatesolution (100 mL) and ethyl acetate (3×150 mL). The combined organicfractions were dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to give the titlecompound as a brown solid. δ_(H) (CD₃OD): 1.42 (3H, t), 4.43 (2H, q),7.14 (1H, s), 7.85 (1H, s), 8.58 (1H, s); m/z (ES⁺)=269 [M+H]⁺.

Route B: To a solution of 2-bromo-4-methyl-5-nitropyridine (Preparation24, 5.7 g, 26.3 mmol) in diethyl oxalate (17.9 mL) under argon was added1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]undec-7-ene (4.5 mL, 30.2 mmol) to give a darkred precipitate. Reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 4.5 h andconcentrated in vacuo. Acetic acid (140 mL) was added to the residueunder argon and heated to 60° C. Iron (2.94 g, 52.6 mmol) was added insmall portions over a period of 1 h. he reaction mixture was heated at80° C. for 4 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to rt and poured intowater (300 mL) which gave a beige precipitate. The precipitate wasisolated and washed with water. The solid obtained was dissolved inethyl acetate (700 ml) and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated invacuo to give the title compound. m/z (ES+)=269 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.39 min.Preparation 27: 5-Bromo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid

Sodium hydroxide solution (1.1 mL, 2M, 2.23 mmol) was added to asolution of 5-bromo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid ethylester (Preparation 26, 500 mg, 1.86 mmol) in ethanol (20 mL), and thereaction mixture heated under reflux for 1.5 h and then concentrated invacuo. The residue was dissolved in water (15 mL) and acidified withacetic acid resulting in formation of a brown precipitate. The solid wascollected by filtration and dried to give the title compound as a brownsolid. δ_(H) (d₆ DMSO): 7.08 (1H, s), 7.97 (1H, s), 8.60 (1H, s); m/z(ES⁺)=241 [M+H]⁺.Preparation 28: 1H-Pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid

The title compound was prepared according to the method of Romero andMitchell (WO 91/09849).Preparation 29: 2-Methyl-3-nitropyridine

A mixture of 2-chloro-3-nitropyridine (1.00 g, 6.30 mmol), potassiumcarbonate (2.62 g, 18.90 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0.73 g, 0.63 mmol) and trimethyl boroxine (0.88 mL, 6.30 mmol) in1,4-dioxane (2 mL) and water (8 mL) was heated to 110° C. (oil bathtemperature) for 6 h and then stirred for 16 h at rt. The mixture wasthen filtered through a celite pad, washing through with THF. Thefiltrate was adsorbed onto silica gel in vacuo and purified via flashcolumn chromatography eluting with ethyl acetate/hexanes (3:7) to givethe title compound as a yellow solid. δ_(H) (CDCl₃): 2.86 (3H, s), 7.34(1H, dd), 8.26 (1H, dd), 8.71 (1H, dd).Preparation 30: 3-(3-Nitropyridin-2-yl)-2-oxopropionic acid ethyl ester

To a solution of potassium ethoxide (2.44 g, 27.7 mmol) in diethyl ether(90 mL) and ethanol (8 mL) was added diethyl oxalate (3.79 mL, 27.7mmol) resulting in a yellow suspension. The reaction mixture was stirredfor 5 min prior to the addition of 2-methyl-3-nitropyridine (Preparation29, 3.40 g, 24.6 mmol) in one portion. The resulting red suspension wasstirred at rt, under argon, for 20 h. The mixture was filtered, washedthoroughly with diethyl ether and dried. The red solid was dissolved inwater and the mixture adjusted to pH 4 by addition of glacial aceticacid. The resulting precipitate was collected by filtration, dissolvedin dichloromethane, washed with brine, dried (MgSO₄), and then filteredand concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound as an orange solid.δ_(H) (CDCl₃): 1.40 (3H, t), 4.39 (2H, q), 7.34 (1H, s), 7.36 (1H, dd),8.43 (1H, dd), 8.66 (1H, dd).Preparation 31: 1H-Pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

To a suspension of 3-(3-nitropyridin-2-yl)-2-oxopropionic acid ethylester (Preparation 30, 1.00 g, 4.20 mmol) in ethanol (30 mL, absolute)was added palladium (10% on activated carbon, 447 mg, 0.42 mmol) and thereaction mixture placed under an atmosphere of hydrogen at a pressure of20-30psi for 12 h with vigorous stirring. The reaction mixture wasfiltered through celite, washing with ethyl acetate and the filtrateconcentrated in vacuo to ca. 20 mL. Water (150 mL) was added and themixture cooled to between 0° C. and 5° C. The precipitate that formedwas collected by filtration and dried to give the title compound as abeige solid. δ_(H) (CDCl₃): 1.44 (3H, t), 4.45 (2H, q), 7.25 (1H, dd),7.39 (1H, s), 7.75 (1H, dd), 8.57 (1H, dd), 8.98 (1H, s).Preparation 32: 1H-Pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid

A suspension of 1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester(Preparation 31, 0.34 g, 1.77 mmol) in aqueous sodium hydroxide solution(2M, 10 mL) was heated under reflux for 3 h and the resulting solutionwas allowed to cool to rt. The pH was adjusted to 4 by addition ofglacial acetic acid. Excess acetic acid was removed in vacuo and theresulting suspension cooled to 0° C. and then left standing at rt for 16h. The resulting beige precipitate was collected by filtration and driedto give the title compound as a beige solid. δ_(H) (d₆ DMSO): 7.12 (1H,s), 7.23 (1H, dd), 7.79 (1H, d), 8.42 (1H, dd).Preparation 33: 6-Methoxy-2-methyl-3-nitropyridine

To a stirred suspension of 2-chloro-6-methoxy-3-nitropyridine (2.44 g,12.9 mmol) in 10% v/v aqueous dioxane (25 mL) was addedtetrakis(triphenyl phosphine) palladium (1.50 g, 1.3 mmol) and themixture stirred for 15 min prior to the addition of trimethylboroxine(1.81 mL, 12.9 mmol) and potassium carbonate (5.36 g, 38.8 mmol). Thereaction mixture was heated under reflux for 6 h then allowed to cool tort over 16 h. Ethyl acetate (100 mL) was added and the mixture stirredvigorously for 1 h. The mixture was filtered through celite, washingthrough with ethyl acetate. The aqueous phase was separated andextracted with ethyl acetate (3×30 mL) and the combined organics werewashed with brine (50 mL), dried (MgSO₄), filtered and adsorbed ontosilica gel. Purification via flash column chromatography (SiO₂, ethylacetate/isohexane, 1:20) gave the title compound as a pale yellow solid.δ_(H) (CDCl₃): 2.81 (3H, s), 4.01 (3H, s), 6.65 (1H, d), 8.26 (1H, d).Preparation 34: 3-(6-Methoxy-3-nitropyridin-2-yl)-2-oxopropionic acidethyl ester

To a stirred suspension of potassium ethoxide (0.55 g, 6.55 mmol) indiethyl ether (20 mL, anhydrous) and ethanol (4 mL) was added diethyloxalate (894 μL, 6.55 mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred for 30min prior to the addition of 6-methoxy-2-methyl-3-nitropyridine(Preparation 33, 1.0 g, 5.95 mmol) in diethyl ether (8 mL). Theresulting red suspension was stirred at rt, under argon, for 20 h. Themixture was filtered, the solid washed thoroughly with diethyl etherthen dried. The red solid was then taken up in hot water and thesolution cooled to 0° C. The precipitate was filtered, washed with coldwater, and dried to give the title compound as a beige solid. δ_(H)(CDCl₃): 1.40 (3H, t), 4.07 (3H, s), 4.39 (2H, q), 6.74 (1H, d), 7.57(1H, s), 8.40 (1H, d), 13.82 (1H, s).Preparation 35: 5-Methoxy-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acidethyl ester

To a suspension of 3-(6-methoxy-3-nitropyridin-2-yl)-2-oxopropionic acidethyl ester (Preparation 34, 276 mg, 1.03 mmol) in THF (12 mL) andethanol (5 mL) was added saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution (5mL) and iron powder (346 mg, 6.18 mmol) in one portion. The reactionmixture was heated under reflux for 1 h then filtered whilst still hotthrough a celite plug, washing with hot ethyl acetate. The filtrate wascooled and washed with brine (20 mL), dried (MgSO₄), filtered andadsorbed onto silica gel in vacuo. Purification via flash columnchromatography (SiO₂, ethyl acetate/hexanes, 1:9) gave the titlecompound as a beige solid. δ_(H) (CDCl₃): 1.40 (3H, t), 3.99 (3H, s),4.41 (2H, q), 6.74 (1H, d), 7.20 (1H, m), 7.62 (1H, d), 9.27 (1H, s).Preparation 36: 5-Methoxy-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid

To a solution of 5-methoxy-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acidethyl ester (Preparation 35, 128 mg, 0.58 mmol) in ethanol (10 mL,absolute) was added aqueous sodium hydroxide (0.35 mL, 2M) and themixture heated to 70° C. for 3 h then cooled to rt. The solution wasadjusted to pH 4 by addition of glacial acetic acid and the solventsremoved under reduced pressure. Ethyl acetate (20 mL) was added to theresulting oil and the mixture sonicated until a fine suspension formed.The mother liquor was decanted and the remaining solid was washed withethyl acetate and dried in vacuo to give the title compound as a paleorange powder. δ_(H) (CD₃OD): 3.92 (3H, s), 6.63 (1H, d), 6.94 (1H, s),7.72 (1H, d).Preparation 37: 2-[2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-2-oxoethyl]isoindole-1,3-dione

To a solution of 4-methoxyphenacyl bromide (5.78 g, 25.23 mmol) in DMF(20 mL) was added potassium phthalimide (5.00 g, 26.99 mmol) and thereaction stirred at rt for 18 h. The reaction mixture was partitionedbetween dichloromethane (200 mL) and water (100 mL). The layers wereseparated and the aqueous layer extracted with dichloromethane (3×50mL). The combined organics were washed with sodium hydroxide (2M, 50mL), water (50 mL) and brine (50 mL) and dried (MgSO₄). Filtration, thenconcentration in vacuo gave an off white solid. Trituration with diethylether followed by collection by filtration gave the title compound as awhite solid. δ_(H) (CDCl₃): 3.86 (3H, s), 5.15 (2H, s), 7.09 (2H, d),7.81-8.01 (4H, m), 8.05 (2H, d).

The following compounds were synthesised according to Preparation 37from potassium phthalimide and the appropriate α-bromoketone.

Preparation R NMR 38

δH (d₆ DMSO): 5.25 (2H, d), 7.60-7.75 (1H, m), 7.85-8.06 (5H, m),8.10-8.24 (1H, m) 39

δH (g₆ DMSO): 5.24 (2H, s), 7.66 (2H, d), 7.83-8.02 (4H, m), 8.10 (2H,d) 40

δH (d₆ DMSO): 5.24 (2H, s), 7.36-7.52 (2H, m), 7.84-8.02 (4H, m),8.11-8.25 (2H, m)Preparation 41:2-[2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-[1,3]dioxolan-2-ylmethyl]isoindole-1,3-dione

2-[2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-2-oxoethyl]isoindole-1,3-dione (Preparation 37,6.35 g, 21.5 mmol) was suspended in toluene (50 mL) and ethylene glycol(12 mL) added. p-Toluenesulfonic acid (300 mg, 1.58 mmol) was added andthe resulting mixture heated under reflux for 40 h, removing water witha Dean-Stark trap. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to rt thenpartitioned between ethyl acetate (200 mL) and saturated aqueous sodiumbicarbonate solution (100 mL). The organic layer was washed with brine(50 mL), dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated under reducedpressure, to give the title compound as an off-white solid. δ_(H) (d₆DMSO): 3.66 (2H, t), 3.72 (3H, s), 3.87 (4H, m), 6.88 (2H, d), 7.32 (2H,d), 7.83 (4H, m).

The following compounds were synthesised according to Preparation 41from ethylene glycol and the appropriate ketone.

Preparation R NMR 42

δH (d₆ DMSO): 3.69-3.81 (2H, m), 3.85-4.04 (4H, m), 7.15-7.30 (1H, m),7.32-7.49 (2H, m), 7.74-7.96 (4H, m) 43

δH (d₆ DMSO): 3.62-3.78 (2H, m), 3.84-3.99 (4H, m), 7.32-7.49 (4H, m),7.74-7.94 (4H, m) 44

δH (d₆ DMSO): 3.64-3.80 (2H, m), 3.85-4.03 (4H, m), 7.08-7.24 (2H, m),7.35-7.52 (2H, m), 7.75-7.93 (4H, m)Preparation 45: [2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl]methylamine

2-[2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-[1,3]dioxolan-2-ylmethyl]isoindole-1,3-dione(Preparation 41, 2.0 g, 5.90 mmol) and hydrazine hydrate (5 mL) werecombined. The stirred reaction mixture was heated under reflux for 48 hthen allowed to cool to rt. Aqueous sodium hydroxide (2M, 10-15 mL) andwater (20 mL) were added and the mixture stirred until a solution wasformed. Diethyl ether (20 mL) was added and the biphasic mixture stirredvigorously for 16 h. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer wasextracted with diethyl ether (3×20 mL), then the combined organicextracts were washed with brine (20 mL). The ethereal solution waspassed through a filter paper then evaporated to dryness in vacuo togive the title compound as a yellow oil, which solidified on standing.δ_(H) (CDCl₃): 1.42 (2H, br s), 3.06 (2H, s), 3.97 (3H, s), 4.00 (2H,t), 4.21 (2H, t), 7.04 (2H, d), 7.53 (2H, d).

The following compounds were synthesised according to Preparation 45from hydrazine hydrate and the corresponding phthalimide.

Preparation R NMR 46

δH (CDCl₃): 1.31 (2H, br s), 2.87 (2H, s), 3.79-3.87 (2H, m), 3.99-4.08(2H, m), 7.00-7.20 (2H, m), 7.23-7.29 (1H, m) 47

δH (CDCl₃): 1.23 (2H, br s), 2.89 (2H, s), 3.75-3.87 (2H, m), 3.99-4.10(2H, m), 7.29-7.33 (2H, m), 7.36-7.40 (2H, m) 48

δH (d₆ DMSO): 2.72 (2H, s), 3.25 (2H, br s), 3.67-3.78 (2H, m),3.93-4.06 (2H, m), 7.11-7.18 (2H, m), 7.37-7.44 (2H, m)Preparation 49: 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-[1,3]-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl]amide

To a solution of [2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-[1,3]-dioxolan-2-yl]methylamine(Preparation 45, 0.117 g, 0.56 mmol) in dichloromethane (5 mL) was addedDIPEA (213 μL, 1.22 mmol),5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (Preparation 18,0.100 g, 0.51 mmol) and HOBT (0.076 g, 0.56 mmol). The resultingsolution was stirred for 2 min then EDCI (0.117 g, 0.61 mmol) was addedand stirring was continued for 18 h at rt. The reaction mixture waspartitioned between dichloromethane (30 mL) and water (20 mL) and thelayers separated. The aqueous phase was extracted with dichloromethane(3×20 mL) then the combined organics were washed with brine (20 mL),dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Recrystallisationfrom methanol/dichloromethane gave the title compound as an orangesolid. δ_(H) (CDCl₃): 3.81 (3H, s), 3.84-3.91 (4H, m), 4.05 (2H, m),6.56 (1H, t), 6.76 (1H,s), 6.89 (2H, d), 7.44 (2H, d), 7.57 (1H, s),8.68 (1H, s), 9.94 (1H, br s).

The following compounds were synthesised according to Preparation 49from 5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (Preparation18) and the appropriate amine.

Prep- aration R m/z 50

m/z (ES⁺) = 394 [M + H]⁺; RT = 3.49 min 51

m/z (ES⁺) = 392 [M + H]⁺; RT = 1.48 min 52

m/z (ES⁺) = 376 [M + H]⁺; RT = 3.26 minPreparation 53: (S)-2-Amino-N,N-dimethyl-3-pyridin-3-ylpropionamidehydrochloride

To a solution of (S)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-3-pyridin-3-ylpropionicacid (500 mg, 1.88 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was added dimethylaminehydrochloride (153 mg, 1.88 mmol), DIPEA (1.2 mL, 6.57 mmol) and TBTU(602 mg, 1.88 mol). The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 16 h. Thesolvent was removed in vacuo and the residue dissolved in methanol (20mL). To this was added 4M hydrochloric acid in dioxane (20 mL) and thereaction was stirred for 16 h at rt. The solvent was removed in vacuoand the residue was partitioned between water (100 mL) and ethyl acetate(2×100 mL). The aqueous layer was evaporated to dryness and the residuerecrystallised from ethanol/ethoxyethanol (9:1), to give the titlecompound as a white solid. δ_(H) (CD₃OD): 2.99 (3H, s), 3.06 (3H, s),3.35-3.42 (1H, m), 3.45-3.53 (1H, m), 4.87-4.94 (1H, m), 8.04-8.10 (1H,m), 8.48-8.53 (1H, m), 8.84-8.90 (2H, m).Preparation 54: (S)-2-Amino-3-pyridin-3-yl-1-pyrrolidin-1-ylpropan-1-onehydrochloride

To a solution of pyrrolidine (157 μL, 1.88 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) wasadded DIPEA (817 μL, 4.69 mmol),(S)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-3-pyridin-3-ylpropionic acid (500 mg,1.88 mmol) and TBTU (663 mg, 2.06 mmol). The reaction was stirred at rtfor 72 h. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was dissolvedin methanol (15 mL). To this was added 4M hydrochloric acid in dioxane(20 mL) and the reaction was stirred at rt for 16 h. The solvent wasremoved in vacuo and the residue was partitioned between water (100 mL)and ethyl acetate (2×100 mL). The aqueous layer was evaporated todryness, to give the title compound as a green oil. δ_(H) (CD₃OD):1.86-2.05 (4H, m), 3.20-3.28 (2H, m), 3.39-3.58 (2H, m), 3.68-3.78 (2H,m), 4.63-4.71 (1H, m), 8.11-8.17 (1H, m), 8.56-8.64 (1H, m), 8.85-8.93(2H, m).Preparation 55: (S)-2-Amino-N,N-dimethylamino-3-pyridin-2-ylpropionamidehydrochloride

To a stirred solution of dimethylamine hydrochloride (153 g, 187 mmol)in DMF (8 mL) was added DIPEA (2 mL, 6.55 mmol),(S)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-3-pyridin-2-ylpropionic acid (0.50 g,1.87 mmol, Acros) and TBTU (0.60 g, 1.87 mmol). The reaction mixture wasstirred at rt for 16 h. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residuewas dissolved in methanol (15 mL). To this was added 4M hydrochloricacid in dioxane (20 mL) and the reaction stiffed at rt for 16 h. Thesolvent was removed in vacuo and the residue partitioned between water(100 mL) and ethyl acetate (2×100 mL). The aqueous layer was evaporatedto dryness to give a solid, which was recrystallised from ethanol togive the title compound as a pale brown solid. mr/z (ES⁺)=194.Preparation 56: 5-Chloro-3-iodopyridin-2-ylamine

Silver sulfate (3.40 g, 10.9mmol) and 2-amino-5-chloropyridine (1 g, 7.8mmol) was added to a solution of iodine (2.76 g, 10.9 mmol) in ethanol(50 ml) and the reaction mixture stiffed at rt for 72 h. The mixture wasfiltered, washed with methanol and the filtrate concentrated in vacuo.The residue was partitioned between saturated Na₂S₂O₃ solution (50 ml)and DCM (2×50 ml). The combined organics were dried (MgSO₄),concentrated in vacuo and purified by chromatography on silica geleluting with DCM to give the title compound as a beige solid. δ_(H)(CDCl₃): 4.95 (2H, br s), 7.84 (1H, d), 7.98 (1H, d).Preparation 57: 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid

Pyruvic acid (0.43 ml, 6.24 mmol) was added to a solution of5-chloro-3-iodopyridin-2-ylamine (Preparation 56, 500 mg, 2.08 mmol),palladium acetate (23 mg, 0.10 mmol) and DABCO (700 mg, 6.24 mmol) inanhydrous DMF (20 ml). The reaction mixture was degassed with argon for20 min, then heated to 110° C. for 16 h. The solvent was removed invacuo and the residue suspended in water (10 ml) and acetic acid (5 ml)and then filtered. The solid was dissolved in EtOAc (50 ml), extractedinto 2N NaOH solution (50 ml) and the organic layer discarded. Theaqueous solution was acidified with concentrated HCl and extracted intoEtOAc (2×40 ml). The combined organics were dried (MgSO₄) andconcentrated in vacuo to give the title compound as a beige solid. δ_(H)(CD₃OD): 7.14 (1H, s), 8.14 (1H, d), 8.35 (1H, d).Preparation 58:5-Trimethylsilylacetylene-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acidethyl ester

PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (0.026 g, 0.037 mmol) and Cu(|)I (0.007 g, 0.037 mmol) wereadded sequentially to 5-bromo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylicacid ethyl ester (Preparation 26, 0.100 g, 0.370 mmol) under an argonatmosphere. 1,4-Dioxane (7 mL, anhydrous) followed by diisopropylamine(0.063 mL, 0.45 mmol) were added and the stirred mixture was purged withargon for 5 min. Trimethylsilylacetylene (0.064 mL, 0.45 mmol) was addeddropwise and the resulting mixture stirred at rt for 24 h. The reactionmixture was partitioned between water (50 mL) and ethyl acetate (100 mL)and the layers separated. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethylacetate (3×30 mL). The combined organics were washed with brine (50 mL),dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue wasdissolved in the minimum amount of dichloromethane and loaded onto asilica column. Purification via flash column chromatography (SiO₂,dichloromethane then 25% ethyl acetate/isohexane) gave a pale yellowsolid. δ_(H) (CDCl₃): 0.28 (9H, s), 1.43 (3H, t), 4.45 (2H, q), 7.18(1H, s), 7.83 (1H, s), 8.86 (1H, s), 9.21 (1H, br s).Preparation 59: 5-Ethynyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acidethyl ester

To a stirred solution of the ester (Preparation 58, 0.123 g) was addedtetra-n-butylammonium fluoride (1.0M in THF, 5% wt H₂O, 0.47 mL, 0.47mmol) and the solution immediately turned dark pink in colour. After 5min the reaction was partitioned between ethyl acetate (60 mL) and water(40 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer extracted withethyl acetate (2×20 mL). Glacial acetic acid was added to the combinedorganics until the colour changed from pink to yellow. The solution waswashed with water (20 mL), brine (20 mL) then dried (MgSO₄), filteredand concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in methanol andadsorbed onto silica gel. Purification via flash column chromatography(SiO₂, ethyl acetate:isohexane, 1:1, v/v) gave the title compound as apale yellow powder. δ_(H) (CDCl₃): 1.44 (3H, t), 3.08 (1H, s), 4.46 (2H,q), 7.20 (1H, s), 7.85 (1H, s), 8.89 (1H, s), 9.33 (1H, s).Preparation 60: 5-Ethynyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid

To a suspension of ester (Preparation 59, 0.065 g, 0.30 mmol) in ethanol(6 mL) was added sodium hydroxide (2M aqueous, 1.5 mL, 3.0 mmol) and thereaction mixture stirred at 50° C. for 3 h. The mixture was allowed tocool to rt and glacial acetic acid added, causing precipitation of awhite solid. This was collected by filtration, washed with water (20 mL)and then diethyl ether (20 mL). The solid was air dried to give thetitle compound as a white powder. m/z (ES⁺)=187 [M+H]⁺; RT=1.85 min.Preparation 61: 5-Cyano-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acidethyl ester

To a solution of 5-bromo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acidethyl ester (Preparation 26, 0.160 g, 0.590 mmol) in DMF (anhydrous, 5mL) was added zinc (II) cyanide (0.041 g, 0.35 mmol) thentetrakis-triphenylphosphine palladium (0). The reaction mixture wasdegassed by bubbling argon through it for 10 min. The reaction mixturewas heated to reflux temperature for 4.5 h then allowed to cool to rt.Water (30 mL) was added and the mixture extracted with ethyl acetate(2×50 mL). The combined organics were washed with brine (30 mL), dried(MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolvedin ethyl acetate then adsorbed onto silica gel. Purification via flashcolumn chromatography (SiO₂, ethyl acetate:isohexane, 1:3, v/v) gave thetitle compound as a white solid. δ_(H) (CDCl₃): 1.45 (3H, t), 4.49 (2H,quartet), 7.31 (1H, s), 8.09 (1H, s), 8.97 (1H, s), 9.60 (1H, br s); m/z(ES⁺)=216 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.03 min.Preparation 62: 5-Cyano-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid

To a stirred suspension of ester (Preparation 61, 0.266 g, 1.24 mmol) inethanol (6 mL) and water (0.6 mL) was added sodium hydroxide (0.108 g,2.72 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated to 50° C. for 24 h thenallowed to cool to rt. The reaction mixture was diluted with diethylether (30 mL), collected by filtration and washed with diethyl ether.The solid was washed with aqueous acetic acid (2×50 mL), then diethylether. The solid was air-dried to give the title compound as a whitesolid. δ_(H) (d₆ DMSO): 7.22 (1H, s), 8.37 (1H, s), 8.88 (1H, s), 12.88(1H, s).Preparation 63: 2,4-Dimethyl-5-nitropyridine

To a stirred suspension of 2-chloro-4-methyl-5-nitropyridine (9.419 g,54.6 mmol) in dioxane (110 mL) was added tetrakis(triphenyl phosphine)palladium (6.330 g, 5.46 mmol) and the mixture stirred for 15 min priorto the addition of trimethyl boroxine (7.68 mL, 54.6 mmol) and potassiumcarbonate (22.64 g, 164.0 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated underreflux for 6 h then allowed to cool to rt over 16 h. Ethyl acetate (200mL) was added and the mixture stirred vigorously for 1 h. The mixturewas filtered through celite, washing through with ethyl acetate/THF(1:1, v/v). Brine (100 mL) was added and attempted separation of layersresulted in a thick emulsion. After removal of all volatiles, ethylacetate (300 mL) was added and the mixture filtered, giving rise to abiphasic mixture. The layers were separated and the aqueous phase wasextracted with ethyl acetate (3×100 mL). The combined organics werewashed with brine (100 mL), dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated invacuo. The resulting oil was dissolved in dichloromethane then purifiedvia flash column chromatography (SiO₂, ethyl acetate/isohexane, 3:7,v/v) to give the title compound as an orange oil. δ_(H) (CDCl₃): 2.59(3H, s), 2.60 (3H, s), 7.12 (1H, s), 9.07 (1H, s).Preparation 64: 3-(2-Methyl-5-nitropyridin-4-yl)-2-oxopropionic acidethyl ester

To a solution of potassium ethoxide (0.262 g, 2.96 mmol) in diethylether (10 mL) and ethanol (1 mL) was added diethyl oxalate (0.404 mL,2.96 mmol) in one portion and the resulting solution stirred for 10 minat rt. 2,4-Dimethyl-5-nitropyridine (Preparation 63, 0.400 g, 2.63 mmol)was added as a suspension in diethyl ether (1 mL)/ethanol (1.5 mL) andstirring continued for 16 h at rt. The mixture was filtered, washingwith cold diethyl ether. The collected precipitate was dissolved inwater and the pH adjusted to 4 by the addition of glacial acetic acid.The resulting precipitate was collected by filtration and air dried. Thesolid was partitioned between ethyl acetate (150 mL) and water (50 mL)and the layers separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethylacetate (3×20 mL) and the combined organics washed with brine (50 mL),dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to givethe title compound as a red solid which required no furtherpurification. δ_(H) (CDCl₃): 1.40 (3H, t), 4.40 (2H, q), 4.52 (2H, s),7.11 (1H, s), 9.25 (1H, s).Preparation 65: 5-Methyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acidethyl ester

To a solution of the pyruvate (Preparation 64, 0.749 g, 2.97 mmol) inTHF (30 mL) and ethanol (15 mL) was added saturated aqueous ammoniumchloride solution (15 mL) and the suspension vigorously stirred at rt.Iron powder (1.38 g, 24.64 mmol) was added portionwise and the mixtureheated under reflux for 2 h then allowed to cool prior to filtrationthrough a celite plug, and washed through with warm methanol. Themixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, the residue partitionedbetween ethyl acetate (250 mL) and water (250 mL) and the layersseparated. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×50 mL)then the combined organics were washed with brine (100 mL), dried(MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was adsorbedonto silica gel and purified via flash chromatography (SiO₂, ethylacetate) to give the title compound as a pale orange solid. δ_(H)(CDCl₃): 1.42 (3H, t), 2.63 (3H, s), 4.43 (2H, q), 7.10 (1H, s), 7.40(1H, s), 8.81 (1H, s), 9.08 (1H, br s).Preparation 66: 5-Methyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid

To a stirred solution of ester (Preparation 65, 117 mg, 0.574 mmol) inethanol (10 mL) was added aqueous sodium hydroxide (2M, 0.43 mL, 0.861mmol). The resulting solution heated to 55° C. for 4 h then allowed tocool to room temperature and stirred for 17 h. Excess glacial aceticacid was added then all volatiles were removed under reduced pressure.The residue was triturated with water and the resulting solid collectedby filtration, washed with water then air dried. The title compound wasisolated as a pale yellow solid. m/z (ES⁺)=177 [M+H]⁺; RT=1.60 min.Preparation 67: 4-Methoxypiperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester

To a vigourosly stirred solution of 4-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (2.07 g, 10.3 mmol) in DMF (25 mL) was added a 60%sodium hydride dispersion in mineral oil (500 mg, 12.5 mmol). Afterstirring for 20 min, methyl iodide (0.9 mL, 14.5 mmol) was added and theresulting mixture stirred for 48 h before being added to a mixture ofwater and brine (250 mL, 1:1). Extraction with ethyl acetate (4×50 mL),washing of the combined extracts with brine (100 mL) and drying (MgSO₄)gave, after concentration, a residue which was purified via flashchromatography (silica gel, ethyl acetate/hexane, 1:1) to give the titlecompound as a colourless oil. δ_(H) (CDCl₃): 1.50 (9H, s), 1.52, 1.88(4H, 2m) 3.12 (2H, ddd), 3.18 (1H, m), 3.19 (3H, s), 3.77 (2H, m);R_(f)0.33 (ethyl acetate/hexane: 1/1).Preparation 68: 4-Methoxypiperidine hydrochloride

To a solution of 4-methoxypiperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester(Preparation 67, 1.58 g, 7.34 mmol) in methanol (20 mL) was addedhydrochloric acid in 1,4-dioxane (4M, 10 mL) and the mixture stirred for3 h at rt. Concentration in vacuo gave an oil which was redissolved inwater (100 mL). The aqueous layer was washed with ethyl acetate (2×30mL) and concentrated to give the title compound as colourless solid.δ_(H) (D₂O): 1.80, 2.14 (4H, 2m), 3.13 (2H, m), 3.38 (2H, m), 3.40 (3H,s), 3.68 (m, 1H).Preparation 69: (R)-3-Methoxypyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butylester

(R)-3-Hydroxypyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester(Sigma-Aldrich) (1.04 g, 5.55 mmol) was methylated and purified in asimilar way to Preparation 67 using 60% sodium hydride dispersion (267mg, 6.68 mmol) and methyl iodide (0.5 mL, 8.06 mmol) in DMF (15 ml).δ_(H) (CDCl₃): 1.50 (9H, s),1.94-2.02 (2H, m), 3.37 (3H, s), 3.38-3.58(4H, m), 3.95 (11H, m); R_(f)0.47 (ethyl acetate/hexane: 1/1).Preparation 70: (R)-3-Methoxypyrrolidine hydrochloride

(R)-3-Methoxypyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (840 mg,4.17 mmol) was deprotected and purified in a similar way to Preparation68 using methanol (10 mL) and hydrochloric acid in 1,4-dioxane (4 M, 5.0mL). δ_(H) (D₂O): 2.12 (2H, m), 3.10-3.56 (8H, m), 4.20 (1H, m).Preparation 71: (S)-3-Methoxypyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butylester

(S)-3-Hydroxypyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (OmegaChemical Company) (950 mg, 5.55 mmol) was methylated and purified in asimilar way to Preparation 67 using 60% sodium hydride dispersion (260mg, 6.50 mmol) and methyl iodide (0.5 mL, 8.06 mmol) in DMF (15 ml). ¹HNMR and R_(f) were identical to the (R)-enantiomer.Preparation 72: (S)-3-Methoxypyrrolidine hydrochloride

(S)-3-Methoxypyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (720 mg,3.58 mmol) was deprotected and purified in a similar way to Preparation68 using methanol (10 mL) and hydrochloric acid in 1,4-dioxane (4 M, 5.0mL). ¹-H NMR and R_(f) were identical to (R)-enantiomer.Preparation 73: 4-(2-Nitrobenzenesulfonylamino)piperidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester

To a solution of 4-aminopiperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester(400 mg, 200 mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (14 mL) under argon wasadded triethylamine (340 μL, 2.4 mmol) and the solution cooled in an icebath. 2-Nitrophenylsulfonyl chloride (443 mg, 2.0 mmol) was added andthe reaction allowed to stir at rt for 16 h. The crude solution waswashed with water (2×30 mL) before removing the solvent in vacuo. Thecrude material was purified by chromatography using ethylacetate/petroleum ether (30-60%) as the eluent to give the titlecompound as an off-white powder. δ_(H) (d₆ DMSO): 8.43 (2H, m), 8.17(1H, s), 8.09 (2H, m), 3.80-3.69 (2H, m), 3.31-3.23 (1H, m), 2.86-2.69(2H, m), 1.63-1.51 (2H, m), 1.39 (9H, s), 1.29-1.17 (2H, m).Preparation 74:4-[Methyl-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)amino]piperidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester

To a solution of 4-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonylamino)piperidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (Preparation 73) (400 mg, 1.04 mmol) in DMF (10mL) was added caesium carbonate (507 mg, 1.56 mmol) and the mixturestirred at rt for 40 min. Iodomethane (323 μL, 5.19 mmol) was added andthe mixture stirred for 16 h. Solvent was removed in vacuo and the cruderesidue partitioned between ethyl acetate (20 mL) and water (20 mL). Theorganic layer was separated and washed with 1M HCl (2×20 mL), water (20mL), then brine (2×20 mL) before being dried (MgSO₄). The solvent wasremoved in vacuo to give the title compound as a yellow powder. δ_(H)(d₆ DMSO): 8.43 (2H, m), 8.01 (2H, m), 4.00-3.89 (3H, m), 2.83-2.67 (5H,m), 1.54-1.43 (2H, m), 1.39 (9H, s), 1.34-1.24 (2H, m).Preparation 75: N-Methyl-2-nitro-N-piperidin-4-yl benzenesulfonamide

Prepared according to EXAMPLE 182 from4-[methyl(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)amino]piperidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (Preparation 74). δ_(H) (d₆-DMSO): 8.44 (2H, m), 8.13(2H, m), 4.20-7.07 (1H, m), 3.29-3.17 (2H, m), 3.03-2.90 (2H, m), 2.77(3H, s), 2.00-1.84 (2H, m), 1.51-1.43 (2H, m).Preparation 76: 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(1-(S)-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-{4-[methyl(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}-2-oxoethyl)amide

Prepared according to EXAMPLE 231 from2-(S)-[(5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-propionicacid (EXAMPLE 230) andN-methyl-2-nitro-N-piperidin-4-yl-benzenesulfonamide hydrochloride(Preparation 75). m/z (ES⁺)=643.36 [M+H]⁺.Preparation 77: Thiomorpholine 1,1-dioxide

To a solution of thiomorpholine (1.0 g, 9.69 mmol) in acetic acid (11.5mL) cooled to 0° C. (ice bath) was added aqueous hydrogen peroxidesolution (30% w/v, 4 mL) and the reaction heated to 100° C. for 16 h.The mixture was cooled and solvent removed in vacuo before triturationof the residue with methanol gave a white precipitate. The solid wasfiltered and washed with methanol to give the title compound as anoff-white powder. m/z (ES⁺)=136.06 [M+H]⁺.Preparation 78: Piperidine-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester hydrochloride

To a cooled solution of anhydrous methanol (100 mL) was added acetylchloride (7.1 mL, 0.1 mol) and the solution stirred for 75 min.Piperidine-4-carboxylic acid (150 mg, 1.16 mmol) was dissolved in theprepared solution (10 mL) and the reaction stirred for 16 h. The solventwas removed in vacuo to give the title compound as its hydrochloridesalt. m/z (ES⁺)=144.12 [M+H]⁺.Preparation 79: 2-(S)-Carbamoyl-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butylester

To a solution of N-Boc-1-pipecolinic acid (200 mg, 0.87 mmol) in DMF(3.5 mL) was added TBTU (336 mg, 1.05 mmol), ammonium chloride (93 mg,1.74 mmol) then DIPEA (182 μL, 1.05 mmol) and the reaction stirred for16 h. The mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate (2×30 mL) andwater (30 mL), and the organics combined before being washed with 1Msodium hydroxide (3×30 mL) and brine (3×30 mL). The organic solution wasdried (MgSO₄) and solvent removed in vacuo to give the title compound asa white solid. δ_(H) (d₆ DMSO): 7.23 (1H, s), 6.97 (1H, s), 4.56-4.39(1H, br m), 3.43-3.74 (1H, d), 3.14-2.90 (1H, br m), 2.09-2.00 (1H, d),1.63-1.47 (3H, m), 1.30-1.17 (2H, m).Preparation 80: (S)-Piperidine-2-carboxylic acid amide hydrochloride

Piperidine-2-carboxylic acid amide was prepared according to the methodof Johnson et.al., (J. Med. Chem., 1986, 29, 2100-2104) to give thetitle compound as an off-white solid. δ_(H) (CD₃OD): 3.87-3.75 (1H, m),3.43-3.34 (1H, m), 3.09-2.96 (1H, br m), 2.31-2.16 (1H, m), 1.97-1.81(2H, br m), 1.77-1.57 (3H, br m).Preparation 81: 4-(2-Methoxyethoxy)piperidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester

To a solution of tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-1-piperidine carboxylate (300 mg,1.49 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was added 1-bromo-2-methoxyethane (168 μL, 1.79mmol) followed by potassium iodide (25 mg, 0.15 mmol) and sodium hydride(83.5 mg, 2.09 mmol) and the reaction stirred at rt for 16 h. Solventwas removed in vacuo and crude residue was partitioned between ethylacetate (10 mL) and water (10 mL). The organic layer was washed with 1MHCl (10 mL), 1M NaOH (10 mL) then brine (2×10 mL) before being dried(MgSO₄) and removing the solvent in vacuo. Purification bychromatography using dichloromethane/methanol (97:3) as the eluent gavethe title compound as a yellow oil. δ_(H) (CDCl₃): 3.89-3.77 (2H, m),3.66 (2H, m), 2.57 (2H, m), 3.54-3.46 (1H, m), 3.43 (3H, s), 3.11-3.03(2H, m), 1.93-1.83 (2H, m), 1.60-1.46 (11H, m).Preparation 82: 4-(2-Methoxyethoxy)piperidine hydrochloride

To a solution of 4-(2-methoxyethoxy)-piperidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (Preparation 81, 114 mg, 0.44 mmol) in methanol (3 mL)was added 4M HCl in dioxane (550 μL, 2.20 mmol) and the reaction stirredat rt for 16 h. Solvent was removed in vacuo and the crude residuedissolved in water (10 mL). The aqueous solution was extracted withethyl acetate (2×10 mL) then concentrated in vacuo. Purification bytrituration in ethyl acetate gave the title compound as thehydrochloride salt. δ_(H) (CD₃OD): 3.74-3.67 (1H, m), 3.64 (2H, m), 3.56(2H, m), 3.40-2.39 (7H, m), 2.11-1.96 (2H, m), 1.93-1.83 (2H, m).Preparation 83:[1-(R)-(4-Fluorobenzyl)-2-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl] carbamicacid tert-butyl ester

The title compound was prepared according to EXAMPLE 231 but usingBoc-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-(R)-alanine and 4-hydroxypiperidine. m/z(ES⁺)=367.34 [M+H]⁺.Preparation 84:2-(R)-Amino-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)propan-1-onehydrochloride

The title compound was prepared according to Preparation 20 from[1-(R)-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl] carbamicacid tert-butyl ester (Preparation 83). m/z (ES⁺)=267.20 [M+H]⁺.Preparation 85: 4-(N-Benzyl-N-methylamino)piperidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester

To a solution of N-benzylmethylamine (648 μL, 5.02 mmol) and1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-4-piperidone (500 mg, 2.51 mmol) in THF (8 mL) wasadded sodium triacetoxyborohydride (798 mg, 3.76 mmol) followed byacetic acid (144 μL, 2.51 mmol) and the reaction stirred at rt for 40 h.Solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue partitioned between ethylacetate (15 mL) and water (15 mL). The organic layer was washed withsodium bicarbonate solution (2×15 mL) then brine (2×20 mL), dried(MgSO₄) and the solvent removed in vacuo. The crude material waspurified by chromatography using ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (2:1) asthe eluent to give the title compound as yellow oil. m/z (ES⁺)=305.32[M+H]⁺.Preparation 86: 4-Methylaminopiperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butylester

The title compound was prepared according to Preparation 23 from4-(benzylmethylamino)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester(Preparation 85). δ_(H) (CD₃OD): 4.13-4.03 (2H, m), 2.90-2.76 (2H, brm), 2.63-2.53 (1H, m), 2.40 (3H, s), 2.97-1.87 (2H, m), 1.49 (9H, s),1.27-1.16 (2H, m).Preparation 87: Benzylmethyl(tetrahydropyran-4-yl)amine

The title compound was prepared according to Preparation 85 fromN-benzylmethylamine and tetrahydro-4H-pyran-4-one. Purification of thecrude material by chromatography using dichloromethane/methanol (98:2)as the eluent gave the title compound as a yellow oil. δ_(H) (CD₃OD):7.50-7.40 (5H, m), 4.08 (2H, m), 4.06-(2H, s), 3.49-3.40 (2H, ddd),3.23-3.14 (1H, m), 2.51 (3H, s), 2.03-1.97 (2H, m), 1.89-1.76 (2H, m).Preparation 88: Methyl(tetrahydropyran-4-yl)amine hydrochloride

The title compound was prepared according to Preparation 23 frombenzylmethyl(tetrahydropyran-4-yl)amine (Preparation 87). Crude materialwas dissolved in methanol and a solution of 1M HCl in ether was addeddropwise to form a precipitate. The product was filtered and washed withether to give the title compound as the hydrochloride salt as a whitecrystalline solid. δ_(H) (CD₃OD): 4.11-4.00 (2H, m), 3.53-3.43 (2H, m),3.37-3.27 (11H, m), 2.74 (3H, s), 2.11-2.03 (2H, m), 1.74-1.60 (2H, m).Preparation 89: 1-Benzylpiperidin-4-yl-dimethylamine

To a solution of 4-amino-1-benzylpiperidine (536 μL, 2.63 mmol) informic acid (8.5 mL) at 0° C. was added formaldehyde solution (37%, 5.5mL) and the mixture heated to reflux for 6 h. Solvent was removed invacuo and the crude residue partitioned between ethyl acetate (20 mL)and water (20 mL). The aqueous layer was separated and taken to pH12with 2M NaOH solution before being extracted with ethyl acetate (2×20mL). The organic portion was washed with brine (30 mL) and dried (MgSO₄)before removing the solvent in vacuo to give the title compound as ayellow oil. m/z (ES⁺)=219.25 [M+H]⁺.Preparation 90: Dimethylpiperidin4-yl amine

The title compound was prepared according to Preparation 23 from1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl-dimethylamine (Preparation 89). δ_(H) (CD₃OD):3.17-3.09 (2H, m), 2.66-2.54 (2H, m), 2.30 (6H, s), 2.26 (1H, m),1.94-1.86 (2H, m), 1.49-1.29 (2H, m).Preparation 91: 4-Methanesulfonylamino-piperidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester

To a solution of 4-amino-1-Boc-piperidine (300 mg, 1.50 mmol) indichloromethane (2.0 mL) was added a solution of methanesulfonylchloride (348 μL, 4.49 mmol) in dichloromethane (1 mL) followed by asolution of pyridine (485 μL, 5.99 mmol) in dichloromethane (1 mL), andthe reaction stirred at rt for 16 h. Water (10 mL) was added, themixture separated and the organic layer washed with 1M HCl (10 mL),sodium bicarbonate solution (10 mL) then brine (2×10 mL). The solutionwas dried (MgSO₄) and solvent removed in vacuo. The crude material waspurified by chromatography using dichloromethane/methanol (95:5) as theeluent to give the title compound as an off-white powder. δ_(H) (CD₃OD):4.46-4.40 (1H, m), 4.09-3.97 (2H, m), 3.53-3.40 (1H, m), 3.0 (3H, s),2.93-2.81 (2H, m), 2.01-1.93 (2H, m), 1.50-1.37 (2H, m).Preparation 92: N-Piperidin-4-yl methanesulfonamide

The title compound was prepared from4-methanesulfonylaminopiperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester(Preparation 91) according to Preparation 82 as an off-white powder.δ_(H) (CD₃OD): 3.67-3.57 (1H, m), 3.47-3.40 (2H, m), 3.19-3.10 (2H, m),3.03 (3H, s), 2.26-2.17 (2H, m), 1.87-1.76 (2H, m).Preparation 93: 2-(S)-Amino-3-pyridin-4-yl propionic acid methyl esterhydrochloride

The title compound was prepared according to Preparation 78, usingBoc-3-(4-pyridyl)-L-alanine as the starting acid. δ_(H) (CD₃OD): 8.90(2H, br s), 8.16 (2H, br s), 4.73-4.60 (1H, m), 3.84 (3H, s), 3.73-3.50(2H, m).Preparation 94: 1,4-Dioxa-7-aza-spiro [4.5] decane

To a solution of 1-Boc-3-piperidone (700 mg, 3.51 mmol) in toluene (20mL) was added ethylene glycol (588 μL, 10.54 mmol) followed by p-toluenesulfonic acid hydrate (1.0 g, 5.27 mmol) and the reaction heated toreflux using Dean-Stark apparatus for 7 h. To the mixture was addedNaHCO₃ solution, and the organic layer was removed. The aqueous phasewas evaporated to dryness and the resulting residue dissolved in THF.Filtration through celite and removal of the solvent in vacuo gave thedesired product as light brown oil. δ_(H) (CD₃OD): 3.99 (2H, s),3.73-3.57 (2H, m), 3.63 (4H, m), 2.77 (1H, m), 2.73 (1H, m), 1.76 (2H,m).Preparation 95: 2-Phenyl-1-(S)-(2-phenyl-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl)ethylamine

To a solution of commercially available2-(S)-(N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-amino-1,3-diphenyl-1-propanone (250 mg,0.768 mmol) in toluene (100 mL) was added ethylene glycol (1.0 mL, 17.9mmol) and p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (262 mg, 1.38 mmol). Theresulting mixture was heated under reflux for 48 h, removing water witha Dean-Stark trap. After cooling to ambient temperature the mixture wasdiluted with ethyl acetate (200 mL) and successively washed with dilutedsodium hydroxide solution (1M, 2×50 mL) and brine (50 mL). The solutionwas dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated to an oil that was purified by flashchromatography on silica gel (eluent: ethyl acetate) to give the titlecompound as colourless oil. δ_(H) (CDCl₃): 2.07 (2H, br s), 2.37 (1H,dd), 2.92 (1H, dd), 3.36 (1H, m), 3.85-4.35 (4H, 3m), 7.14-7.59 (10H,m); m/z (ES⁺)=270.20 [M+H]⁺; RT=2.63 min.Preparation 96: 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[2-phenyl-1-(S)-(2-phenyl-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl)ethyl]amide

To a solution of 5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(Preparation 18, 88 mg, 0.403 mmol) and 2-phenyl-1-(S)-(2-phenyl-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl)ethylamine (Preparation 95, 104 mg, 0.386 mmol) in DMF(5 mL) was added HOBt (65 mg, 0.424 mmol), DIPEA (0.155 mL, 0.890 mmol)and EDCI (90 mg, 0.469 mmol). After stirring at rt for 12 h the mixturewas added to diluted brine (100 mL, water/brine: 1/1). Extraction withethyl acetate (4×25 mL), washing of the combined extracts with dilutedhydrochloric acid (1M, 30 mL), diluted aqueous sodium hydroxide solution(1M, 30 ml) and brine (5 mL) followed by drying (MgSO₄) gave afterconcentration a residue which was purified by flash chromatography onsilica gel (eluent: hexane/ethyl acetate: 50/50). The title compound wasobtained as a colourless oil. δ_(H (CDCl) ₃): 2.73 (1H, dd), 3.10 (1H,dd), 3.84-4.22 (4H, 4m), 5.01 (1H, ddd), 6.37 (1H, d), 6.72 (1H, s),7.05-7.62 (1.1H, 3m), 8.64 (1H, s), 10.48 (1H, s); m/z (ES⁺)=448.24[M+H]⁺; RT=3.64 min.Preparation 97: 2-(2-Oxo-2-pyridin-3-yl-ethyl)isoindole-1,3-dione

A solution of bromomethylpyridin-3-yl ketone (4.55 g, 16.2 mmol) andpotassium phthalimide (6.0 g, 32.4 mmol) in DMF (50 mL) was stirred for3 days at rt before the added to diluted brine (500 ml, 1:1). Thesolution was made acidic (pH 2) with diluted hydrochloric acid (1M)before washed with ethyl acetate (2×100 ml). The aqueous layer was thenmade alkaline (pH 12) again with sodium hydroxide solution (2 M) andextracted with DCM (4×200 ml). The extracts were combined and dried(MgSO₄) before concentrated in vacuo. Recrystallisation from methanol(2×) allows to remove crystalline phthalimide and to enrich the titlecompound in the mother liquer. The crude product was used in Preparation98 without further purification. δ_(H) (d₆ DMSO): 5.33 (2H, s), 7.64(1H, dd), 7.92, 7.97 (4H, 2m), 8.43 (1H, m), 8.88 (1H, m), 9.28 (1H, s);m/z (ES⁺)=308.13 [M+MeCN +H]⁺; RT=2.39 min.Preparation 98: 2-Amino-1-pyridin-3-ylethanol

To a solution of crude 2-(2-oxo-2-pyridin-3-ylethyl)isoindole-1,3-dione(Preparation 97, 5.0 g, ˜19.0 mmol) in aqueous isopropanol (210 ml,water/IPA:1/6) was added sodium borohydride (10.2 g, 270 mmol) in 2portions. The mixture was stirred at rt for 12 h before being carefullyacidified (pH 2) with dilute hydrochloric acid (1M). After removal ofthe solvent the residue was taken up in destillated water (100 mL) andpassed down a column filled with ion-exchange resin (Amberlite IR 120,H⁺-form, 300 g, eluent: 500 mL water then 1L of 2 M aqueous ammoniasolution). Concentration of the alkaline fractions gave the titlecompound as a yellow oil. δ_(H) (d₆ DMSO): 2.74, 2.85 (2H, 2m), 4.66(11H, m), 5.15 (3H, br s), 7.36 (1H, dd), 7.75 (1H, m), 8.46 (1H, m),8.56 (1H, m); m/z (ES⁺)=139.11 [M+H]⁺; RT=0.21 min.Preparation 99:2-(S)-Amino-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy)-1-(S)-phenylpropan-1-ol

To a solution of (1S,2S)-2-amino-1-phenyl-1,3-propanediol (2.07 g, 12.4mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was added imidazole (1.0 g, 14.7 mmol) andtert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (2.30 g, 15.3 mmol). After stirring atrt for 12 h the mixture was added to diluted brine (150 mL,water/brine:1/1). Extraction with ethyl acetate (4×30 mL), washing ofthe combined extracts with brine (30 mL) and drying (MgSO₄) gave afterconcentration a residue which was purified by flash chromatography onsilica gel (eluent: ethyl acetate). The title compound was obtained ascolourless oil. δ_(H) (CDCl₃): 0.24, 0.26 (6H, 2s), 1.12 (9H, s),2.50-2.78 (3H, br s), 3.16 (1H, ddd), 3.78 (1H, dd), 3.85 (1H, dd), 4.84(1H, d), 7.49-7.55 (5H, m); m/z (ES⁺)=282.32 [M+H]⁺; RT=2.87 min.Preparation 100: 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[1-(S)-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxymethyl)-2-(S)-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl]amide

To a solution of 5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(Preparation 18, 520 mg, 2.65 mmol) and2-amino-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy)-1-phenylpropan-1-ol(Preparation 99, 780 mg, 2.77 mmol) in DMF (15 mL) was added HOBt (411mg, 2.68 mmol), DIPEA (0.96 mL, 5.51 mmol) and EDCI (589 mg, 3.07 mmol).After stirring at rt for 12 h the mixture was added to diluted brine(150 mL, water/brine:1/1). Extraction with ethyl acetate (4×50 mL),washing of the combined extracts with diluted hydrochloric acid (1M, 50ml), diluted aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (1M, 50 ml) and brine (50mL) followed by drying (MgSO₄) gave after concentration a residue whichwas purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (eluent: hexane/ethylacetate:50/50). The title compound was obtained as colourless oil. δ_(H)(CD₃OD): 0.00, 0.01 (6H, 2s), 0.84 (9H, s), 3.60 (1H, dd), 3.84 (1H,dd), 4.33 (1H, ddd), 4.98 (1H, d), 7.05 (1H, s), 7.12-7.37 (5H, 3m),7.60 (1H, s), 8.49 (11H, s); m/z (ES⁺)=460.36 [M+H]⁺; RT=4.16 min.Preparation 101: 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[1-(S)-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxymethyl)-2-oxo-2-phenylethyl]amide

To a solution of 5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[1-(S)-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxymethyl)-2-(S)-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl]amide(Preparation 100, 304 mg, 0.661 mmol) in dry DCM (10 mL) was addedDess-Martin periodinane (342 mg, 0.806 mmol). After stirring for 3 h atroom temperature alkaline sodium thiosulfate solution was added (5.4 gNa₂SO₃ dissolved in 20 mL saturated NaHCO₃ solution) and the emulsionvigorously stirred for an additional 30 min. Ethyl acetate (150 ml) wasadded and the aqueous layer removed. The organic layer was washed withbrine (50 ml), dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated to a residue which waspurified by flash chromatography on silica gel (eluent: hexane/ethylacetate:50/50) to give the title compound as colourless solid. m/z(ES⁺)=458.34 [M+H]⁺; RT=4.32 min.Preparation 102:[1-(S)-(4-Fluorobenzyl)-2-(3-(S)-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl]carbamicacid tert-butyl ester

To a stirred solution of (S)-N-Boc-4-fluorophenylalanine (5.08 g, 17.9mmol) and (S)-3-hydroxypyrrolidine (1.05 mL, 19.7 mmol) in anhydrous DMF(200 mL), was added DIPEA (6.87 mL, 39.5 mmol) and HOBt.H₂O (3.02 g,19.7 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 10 min at roomtemperature then EDCI (4.13 g, 21.5 mmol) was added and the resultingmixture stirred for 20 h at rt. The volatiles were removed in vacuo thenthe residue partitioned between water (200 mL) and ethyl acetate (200mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer extracted withethyl acetate (3×50 mL). The combined organics were washed with aqueoussodium hydroxide solution (2M, 3×50 mL), brine (100 mL), dried (MgSO₄),filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The oily residue was purified viaflash chromatography (SiO₂, methanol/dichloromethane, 1:19, v/v) to givethe title compound as a colourless oil which became a white solid onstanding. m/z (ES⁺)=353 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.17 min.Preparation 103:2-(S)-Amino-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(3-(S)-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)propan-1-onehydrochloride

To a solution of ester (Preparation 102, 5.25 g, 14.9 mmol) in methanol(anhydrous, 30 mL) was added 4M HCl in dioxane (7.64 mL, 30.6 mmol) andthe resulting solution stirred for 18 h at rt then the solvents removedin vacuo. The residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate (150 mL) andwater (100 mL). The layers were separated and the organic layerextracted with water (2×50 mL). The combined aqueous extracts werewashed once with ethyl acetate (30 mL), then the combined organicextracts were evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure to give thetitle compound as a white foam. δ_(H) (CD₃OD): 1.47-1.62 (0.5H, m),1.67-1.80 (1H, m), 1.83-1.96 (0.5H, m), 2.72-2.87 (1H, m), 2.96-3.12(2H, m), 3.19-3.29 (1H, m), 3.30-3.62 (2H, m), 4.14-4.39 (2H, m),6.91-7.08 (2H, m), 7.22 (2H, dd).Preparation 104: (6-Chloropyridin-3-yl)carbamic acid tert-butyl ester

The title compound was prepared according to the method described byDinnell et al(US 2002/0022624 A1). δ_(H) (CDCl₃): 1.52(9H, s), 6.52(1H,s), 7.26 (1H, d), 7.97 (1H, d), 8.23 (1H, d).Preparation 105: (6-Chloro-4-iodopyridin-3-yl)carbamic acid tert-butylester

The title compound was prepared according to the method described byDinnell et al (US 2002/0022624 A1) from the compound of Preparation 104.δ_(H) (CDCl₃): 1.54 (9H, s), 6.62 (1H, s), 7.72 (1H, s), 8.93 (1H, s).Preparation 106: 6-Chloro4-iodopyridin-3-ylamine

The title compound was prepared according to the method described byDinnell et al (US 2002/0022624 A1) from the compound of Preparation 105.δ_(H) (CDCl₃): 4.12 (2H, br s), 7.60 (1H, s), 7.79 (1H, s).Preparation 107: N-(6-Chloropyridin-2-yl)-2,2-dimethyl propionamide.

To a solution of 2-amino-6-chloropyridine (3.0 g, 23.3 mmol) indichloromethane (45 mL) under argon was added triethylamine (4.10 mL,29.2 mmol) and the reaction cooled to 0° C. (ice bath). A solution oftrimethylacetyl chloride (3.16 mL, 25.7 mmol) in dichloromethane (10 mL)was added dropwise over 20 min before stirring for 30 min at 0° C. Thereaction was brought up to rt and stirred for a further 5 h, then water(30 mL) was added. The organics were separated and washed with Na₂CO₃solution (2×50 mL), dried,(MgSO₄) and solvent removed in vacuo.Purification by column chromatography (SiO₂, CH₂Cl₂) gave the titlecompound. m/z (ES⁺)=213.04 [M+H]⁺.Preparation 108: N-(6-Chloro-3-iodopyridin-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropionamide.

To a dry solution of N-(6-chloropyridin-2-yl)-2,2-dimethyl propionamide(Preparation 107, 8.0 g, 37.6 mmol) in THF (120 mL), cooled to −78° C.,was added dropwise, a solution of tert-butyllithium in pentane (1.7M,48.7 mL, 82.8 mmol) over 40 min. The reaction was stirred at —78° C. for3 h before adding a solution of iodine (11.46 g, 45.1 mmol) in THF (40mL) dropwise. The mixture was brought up to rt and stirred for 16 h. 2MHCl (3 mL) was added to the reaction, and after 20 min the solvent wasremoved in vacuo. Crude material was partitioned between ethyl acetate(200 mL) and water (150 mL). Organics were separated and washed with 10%sodium thiosulfate solution (4×100 mL) then NaHCO₃ solution (2×100 mL),dried (MgSO₄) and the solvent removed in vacuo. The residue was purifiedby column chromatography (SiO₂, CH₂Cl₂) to give the title compound. m/z(ES⁺)=338.93 [M+H]⁺.Preparation 109: 6-Chloro-3-iodopyridin-2-ylamine.

A suspension of N-(6-chloro-3-iodopyridin-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropionamide (Preparation 108, 5.0 g, 14.8 mmol) in 1M HCl was heated toreflux for 4.5 h. The reaction was cooled to rt and then extracted withdiethyl ether (2×50 mL). The organics were washed with Na₂CO₃ solution(2×50 mL) before being dried (MgSO₄) and the solvent removed in vacuo.Purification by column chromatography (SiO₂, CH₂Cl₂) afforded the titlecompound. δ_(H) (CDCl₃): 7.76 (1H, d), 6.46 (1H, d), 5.43-5.20 (2H, brs).Preparation 110: 6-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid.

To a dry solution of 6-chloro-3-iodo-pyridin-2-ylamine (Preparation 109,2.80 g, 11.0 mmol) in DMF (8 mL) under argon was added pyruvic acid(2.29 mL, 33.0 mmol), DABCO (3.70 g, 33.0 mmol) thenpalladium(II)acetate (124 mg, 0.55 mmol) and the mixture purged withargon for 20 min. The reaction was heated to 105° C. (bath temp.) for 3h before being allowed to cool to rt. Solvent was removed in vacuo thencrude material partitioned between ethyl acetate (100 mL) and water (75mL). The organic layer was separated and washed with water (2×75 mL)before being extracted into 2M NaOH (2×75 mL). The aqueous layer wasacidified to pH 3 with 2M HCl and extracted into ethyl acetate (2×100mL). Organic layers were combined, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated invacuo. The residue was suspended in water and the filtrate removed togive the title compound. m/z (ES⁺)=196.91 [M+H]⁺, RT=3.07 min.Preparation 111:[1-(S)-(4-Fluorobenzyl)-2-oxo-2-(5-oxo-[1,4]diazepam-1-yl)ethyl]carbamicacid tert-butyl ester

DIPEA (2.08 mL, 11.95 mmol), BOC-L-phenylalanine (1.128 g, 3.98 mmol)and HOBt (592 mg, 4.38 mmol) was added to a solution of[1,4]-diazepan-5-one (500 mg, 4.38 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) and the mixturestirred for 5 min. EDCI (992 mg, 5.18 mmol) was added and the reactionstirred for 16 h before removing the solvent in vacuo. Purification bycolumn chromatography (SiO₂, 9:1 CH₂Cl₂/MeOH) gave the title compound.m/z (ES⁺)=380.00 [M+H]⁺.Preparation 112:1-(S)-[2-Amino-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propionyl][1,4]diazepan-5-one

To a solution of[1-(S)-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-oxo-2-(5-oxo-[1,4]diazepam-1-yl)ethyl]carbamicacid tert-butyl ester (Preparation 111, 1.23 g, 3.24 mmol) in methanol(15 mL) was added a solution of 4M HCl in dioxane (6.48 mL, 25.9 mmol)and the reaction stirred for 3.5 h. Solvent was removed in vacuo thencrude material taken into water (20 mL). The aqueous layer was extractedwith ethyl acetate (15 mL) then water removed in vacuo to afford thetitle compound as its hydrochloride salt. m/z (ES⁺)=279.95 [M+H]⁺.Preparation 113:2-(S)-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propionic acidtert-butyl ester

To a stirred solution of (S)-N-Boc-4-fluorophenylalanine (2.83 g, 10.0mmol), DMAP (0.12 g, 1.0 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) and 2-methyl-2-propanol(1.05 mL, 11.0 mmol), was added DCC (2.27 g, 11.0 mmol). The reactionmixture was stirred at rt for 16 h. The reaction mixture was filteredand washed several times with DCM. The filtrate was concentrated invacuo and chromatographed on silica gel eluting with ethylacetate:isohexane (1:4) to give the title compound. δ_(H) (CDCl₃): 1.39(9H, s), 1.41 (9H, s), 3.01 (2H, m), 4.41 (1H, m), 4.98 (1H, m), 6.95(2H, m), 7.12 (2H, m).Preparation 114: 2-(S)-Amino-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propionic acid tert-butylester hydrochloride

A stirred solution of ethyl acetate (10 mL) and methanol (0.60 mL, 14.7mmol) was cooled to 0° C. under an argon atmosphere. Acetyl chloride(1.05 mL, 14.7 mmol) was added dropwise, and the solution warmed to rtand stirred for 30 min.2-(S)-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propionic acidtert-butyl ester (Preparation 113, 1 g, 2.95 mmol) was added, and thereaction mixture stirred at rt for 4 h. The reaction mixture wasfiltered, washed several times with diethyl ether and dried under vacuumto give the title compound. δ_(H) (DMSO): 1.30 (9H, s), 3.01 (1H, dd),3.20 (11H, dd), 4.08 (1H, m), 7.15 (2H, m), 7.32 (2H, m), 8.64 (3H, brs).Preparation 115: 2-Chloro-5-iodopyridin-4-ylamine

Silver sulfate (7.1 g, 22.8 mmol) and 4-amino-2-chloropyridine (4.06 g,31.6 mmol) were added to a solution of iodine (5.65 g, 22.3 mmol) inethanol (100 mL) and the reaction mixture stirred at rt for 72 h. Thebright yellow suspension was filtered, washed with methanol and thefiltrate concentrated in vacuo. The residue was partitioned betweensaturated Na₂CO₃ solution (200 mL) and ethyl acetate (200 ml). Afterseparation the organic layer was washed with Na₂S₂O₃ solution (50 mL,25%) and brine (50 mL), dried (MgSO₄), concentrated in vacuo andpurified by chromatography on silica gel eluting with iso-hexane/ethylacetate (3:1 to 2.5:1) to give the title compound. δ_(H) (CDCl₃): 4.81(2H, br s), 6.63 (1H, s), 8.38 (1H, s); m/z (ES⁺)=254.86 [M+H]⁺; RT=2.51min.Preparation 116: 6-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid

Pyruvic acid (0.86 mL, 12.4 mmol) was added to a solution of2-chloro-5-iodo-pyridin-4-ylamine (Preparation 115, 1.05 mg, 4.13 mmol),palladium acetate (56 mg, 0.25 mmol) and DABCO (1.39 g, 12.4 mmol) inanhydrous DMF (30 ml). The reaction mixture was degassed with argon for20 min, then heated to 145° C. for 2 h. The solvent was removed in vacuoand the residue taken up in water (200 mL). The suspension was madealkaline (pH 9-10) with dilute NaOH solution (1M) and filtered throughCelite. After washing of the filtrate with ethyl acetate (50 mL) andether (50 mL) the pH was adjusted to 3 with dilute HCl solution (1M).Extraction with ethyl acetate (5×50 mL), drying of the combined extracts(MgSO₄) and concentration gave the title compound. δ_(H) (d₆ DMSO): 7.24(1H, s), 7.42 (1H, s), 8.80 (1H, s); m/z (ES⁻)=195.02 [M−H]⁻; RT=2.36min.Preparation 117: 4(S)-(4-Fluorobenzyl)oxazolidine-2,5-dione

To a solution of2(S)-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propionic acid (1.5 g,5.29 mmol) in ethyl acetate (100 mL) under an argon atmosphere was addedtriphosgene (628 mg, 2.12 mmol). To the solution was added triethylamine(0.8 mL 5.76 mmol,) over 1 min, and the reaction stirred for 72 h at rt.The reaction mixture was filtered, and the filtrate concentrated invacuo to yield an oily residue. The crude material was crystallised fromcold dichloromethane and petroleum ether to give the title compound.δ_(H) (CD₃OD): 7.20 (2H, m), 7.10 (2H, m), 5.86 (1H, s, (NH)), 4.58 (1H,s), 3.33-3.23 (2H, m), 3.11-3.00 (1H, m).

EXAMPLE 1 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(1-dimethylcarbamoyl-2-(S)-phenylethyl)amide

To a solution of 5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(Preparation 6, 36 mg, 0.18 mmol) in DMF (4 mL, anhydrous), was added2-(S)-amino-N,N-dimethyl-3-phenylpropionamide hydrochloride (Preparation8, 46 mg, 0.20 mmol), DIPEA (105 μL, 6.05 mmol) and HOBt (25 mg, 0.18mmol) sequentially. The solution was stirred for 5 min prior to theaddition of EDCI (42 mg, 0.22 mmol) in one portion. The resultingsolution was stirred for 16 h at rt. The reaction mixture waspartitioned between ethyl acetate (50 mL) and brine (20 mL). The layerswere separated and the aqueous phase extracted with ethyl acetate (3×20mL), then the combined organics were washed with water (3×10 mL) andbrine (10 mL). The organic phase was dried (MgSO₄), filtered andconcentrated in vacuo. Purification via flash column chromatographyeluting with methanol/dichloromethane (1:19) gave an orange oil whichwas triturated with diethyl ether/hexane to give the title compound asan orange solid. δ_(H) (CDCl₃): 2.71 (3H, s), 2.93 (3H, s), 3.05-3.21(2H, m), 5.28-5.39 (1H, m), 7.00 (1H, s), 7.17-7.36 (6H, m), 7.69 (1H,d, 9.23 Hz), 9.27 (1H, s); m/z (ES⁺)=371.15 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.28 min.

EXAMPLE 2 1H-pyrrolo [3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(1-dimethylcarbamoyl-2(S)-phenylethyl)amide

To a solution of 1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(Preparation 12, 100 mg, 0.62 mmol) in DMF (15 mL) was added2-(S)-amino-N,N-dimethyl-3-phenylpropionamide hydrochloride (Preparation8, 141 mg, 0.62 mmol), HOBt (83 mg, 0.62 mmol) and DIPEA (0.21 mL, 1.23mmol). After 30 min, EDCI (154 mg, 0.80 mmol) was added and the mixturewas stirred at rt for 72 h. The solvent was removed in vacuo and thesolid partitioned between water (50 mL) and ethyl acetate (3×50 mL). Thecombined organic layer was dried (MgSO₄), concentrated in vacuo andpurified by chromatography on silica gel using methanol/dichloromethane(6:94) as eluant to give the title compound as a beige solid. δ_(H)(CD₃OD): 3.06-3.19 (2H, m), 4.83 (6H, s), 5.27 (1H, t), 7.20-7.32 (5H,m), 7.34 (1H, s), 7.45 (1H, d), 8.20 (1H, d), 8.87 (1H, s); m/z(ES⁺)=337 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 3 1H-Pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(1-dimethylcarbamoyl-2(S)-phenylethyl)amide

To a solution of 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(Preparation 15, 100 mg, 0.62 mmol) in DMF (15 mL), was added2-(S)-amino-N,N-dimethyl-3-phenylpropionamide hydrochloride (Preparation8, 141 mg, 0.62 mmol), HOBt (83 mg, 0.62 mmol) and DIPEA (0.21 mL, 1.23mmol). The reaction was stirred at rt for 0.5 h, followed by addition ofEDCI (154 mg, 0.80 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt for 72 h thenpartitioned between water (50 mL) and ethyl acetate (3×50 mL). Thecombined organic fractions were dried (MgSO₄), concentrated in vacuo andchromatographed on silica gel eluting with methanol/dichloromethane(1:19) to give the title compound as a yellow solid. δ_(H) (CD₃OD): 2.88(6H, s), 3.07-3.20 (2H, m), 5.28 (1H, t), 7.20 (1H, s), 7.22-7.31 (5H,m), 7.65 (1H, d), 8.10 (1H, d), 8.76 (1H, s); m/z (ES⁺)=337 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 4 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pydridine-2-carboxylic acid(1-dimethylcarbamoyl-2(S)-phenylethyl)amide

To a solution of 5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(Preparation 18, 100 mg, 0.51 mmol) in DMF (15 mL) was added2-(S)-amino-N,N-dimethyl-3-phenylpropionamide hydrochloride (Preparation8, 116 mg, 0.51 mmol), HOBt (69 mg, 0.51 mmol) and DIPEA (0.18 mL, 1.02mmol). After 15 min, EDCI (127 mg, 0.66 mmol) was added and the mixturestirred at rt for 15 h. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the solidpartitioned between water (50 mL) and ethyl acetate (3×50 mL). Thecombined organic phases were dried (MgSO₄), concentrated in vacuo andpurified by chromatography on silica gel eluting withmethanol/dichloromethane (1:19) to give the title compound as a beigesolid. δ_(H) (CD₃OD): 2.89 (6H, s), 3.05-3.19 (2H, m), 5.27 (1H, t),7.16 (1H, s), 7.20-7.32 (5H, m), 7.67 (1H, s), 8.56 (1H, s); m/z(ES⁺)=371 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 5 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[1-(S)-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl]amide

Route A: To a solution of2-(S)-[(5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propionicacid (EXAMPLE 228, 1.4 g, 3.87 mmol) in DMF (35 mL) was added HATU (1.77g, 4.64 mmol) and the reaction stirred for 10 min. 4-Hydroxypiperidine(0.43 g, 4.26 mmol) was added, followed by DIPEA (0.8 mL, 4.64 mmol,)and the reaction stirred at rt for 16 h. Solvent was removed in vacuoand the crude material partitioned between ethyl acetate (50 mL) andwater (50 mL). The organics were washed with sodium bicarbonate (2×30mL) and brine (2×30 mL), dried (MgSO₄) and the solvent removed in vacuo.Purification by column chromatography (SiO₂, 96:4dichloromethane/methanol) gave the title compound. m/z (ES⁺)=445.15[M+H]⁺; RT=3.24 min.

Route B: The title compound was prepared as outlined in EXAMPLE 1 from5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (Preparation 18)and2-(S)-amino-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)propan-1-onehydrochloride (Preparation 20). The product was purified bychromatography on silica gel eluting with methanol/dichloromethane(1:19) to give the title compound as a pale yellow solid. δ_(H) (CD₃OD):1.08-1.19 (0.5H, m), 1.29-1.51 (1.5H, m), 1.54-1.62 (0.5H, m), 1.73-1.84(1.5H, m), 3.06-3.36 (4H, m), 3.67-3.95 (2.5H, m), 4.03-4.10 (0.5H, m),5.32 (1H, t), 6.97-7.04 (2H, m), 7.14 (1H, s), 7.26-7.33 (2H, m), 7.66(1H, s), 8.55 (1H, s); m/z (ES⁺)=445 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.27 min.

EXAMPLE 6 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[1-(S)-benzyl-3-(cis-3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-2(R)-hydroxy-3-oxopropyl]amide

To a solution of(S)-3-[(5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-2-(R)-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyricacid (EXAMPLE 44, 50 mg, 0.13 mmol), cis-3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidine(Preparation 23, 15 mg, 0.15 mmol) and HOBt (27 mg, 0.20 mmol) in DMF (5mL), was added DIPEA (47 μL, 0.27 mmol). After stirring for 5 min, EDCI(28 mg, 0.15 mmol) was added and the reaction stirred at rt for 72 h.The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue partitioned betweenwater (30 mL) and ethyl acetate (3×30 mL). The combined organicfractions were dried (MgSO₄), concentrated in vacuo and the residuepurified by chromatography on silica gel eluting withmethanol/dichloromethane (1:9) to give the title compound as a whitesolid. m/z (ES⁺)=459 [M+H]⁺. RT=3.07 min.

EXAMPLE 7 5-Bromo-1H-pyarrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(1-dimethylcarbamoyl-2-(S)-phenylethyl)amide

To a solution of 5-bromo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(Preparation 27, 50 mg, 0.21 mmol) in DMF (5 mL), was added2-(S)-amino-N,N-dimethyl-3-phenylpropionamide hydrochloride (Preparation8, 52 mg, 0.23 mmol), HOBt (31 mg,0.23 mmol) and DIPEA (72 μL, 0.41mmol). After 5 min, EDCI (44 mg, 0.23 mmol) was added and the reactionwas stirred at rt for 16 h. The solvent was removed in vacuo and theresidue partitioned between water (30 mL) and ethyl acetate (3×30 mL).The combined organic fractions were dried (MgSO₄), concentrated in vacuoand the residue purified by chromatography on silica gel eluting withmethanol/dichloromethane (3:97) to give the title compound as anoff-white solid. δ_(H) (CD₃OD): 2.88 (6H, s), 3.06-3.18 (2H, m), 5.27(1H, t), 7.13 (1H, s), 7.19-7.29 (5H, m), 7.80 (1H, s), 8.53 (1H, s);m/z (ES⁺)=415 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 8 1H-Pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(1-dimethylcarbamoyl-2-(S)-phenylethyl)amide

Triethylamine (82 μL, 0.59 mmol) was added to2-(S)-amino-N,N-dimethyl-3-phenylpropionamide hydrochloride (Preparation8, 117 mg,0.51 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) at rt under nitrogen. The mixture wascooled to 0° C. and 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(Preparation 28, 75 mg, 0.51 mmol) was added followed by HOBt (102 mg,0.765 mmol) and then EDCI (98 mg, 0.51 mmol). The reaction mixture wasthen left to warm to rt, stirred for 4 days and then diluted with ethylacetate (25 mL), washed with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (2M, 2×25mL), aqueous hydrochloric acid (2N, 2×25 mL) and dried (MgSO₄). Theorganic solution was concentrated in vacuo to give a beige foam whichwas purified by column chromatography eluting withmethanol/dichloromethane (2:98) to give the title compound as a whitesolid. δ_(H) (CDCl₃): 2.74 (3H, s), 2.95 (3H, s), 3.17 (2H, m), 5.41(1H, dd), 6.90 (1H, s), 7.08-7.48 (7H, m), 7.98 (1H, d), 8.55 (1H, d);m/z (ES⁺)=337.2 [M+H]+, RT=1.38 min.

EXAMPLE 9 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(2-phenoxyethyl)amide

The title compound was prepared as outlined in EXAMPLE 1 from5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (Preparation 18)and 2-phenoxyethylamine. The product was purified by chromatography onsilica gel eluting with methanol/dichloromethane (1:19) to give thetitle compound as a yellow solid. δ_(H) (CD₃OD): 3.79 (2H, t), 4.17 (2H,t), 6.88-6.97 (3H, m), 7.08 (1H, s), 7.16 (2H, t), 7.67 (1H, s), 8.58(1H, s); m/z (ES⁺)=316 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 10 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(2-morpholin4-ylethyl)amide

The title compound was prepared as outlined in EXAMPLE 1 from5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (Preparation 18)and 2-morpholin-4-ylethylamine. The product was purified bychromatography on silica gel eluting with methanol/dichloromethane(1:19) to give the title compound as a yellow solid. δ_(H) (CD₃OD):2.54-2.60 (4H, m), 2.64 (2H, t), 3.58 (2H, t), 3.69-3.73 (4H, m), 7.05(1H, s), 7.66 (1H, s), 8.58 (1H, s); m/z (ES⁺)=309 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 11 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[2-(4-methoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amide

The title compound was prepared as outlined in EXAMPLE 1 from5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (Preparation 18)and 2-(4-methoxyphenoxy)ethylamine. The product was purified bychromatography on silica gel eluting with methanol/dichloromethane(3:97) to give the title compound as a yellow solid. δ_(H) (CD₃OD): 3.71(3H, s), 3.77 (2H, t), 4.12 (2H, t), 6.81-6.91 (4H, m), 7.09 (1H, s),7.67 (1H, s), 8.58 (1H, s); m/z (ES⁺)=346 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 12 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(2-thiophen-2-ylethyl)amide

The title compound was prepared as outlined in EXAMPLE 1 from5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (Preparation 18)and 2-thiophen-2-ylethylamine. The product was purified bychromatography on silica gel eluting with methanol/dichloromethane(3:97) to give the title compound as a yellow solid. δ_(H) (CD₃OD): 3.16(2H, t), 3.65 (2H, t), 6.89-6.94 (2H, m), 7.03 (1H, s), 7.20 (1H, d),7.66 (1H, s), 8.57 (1H, s); m/z (ES⁺)=306 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 13 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]amide

The title compound was prepared as outlined in EXAMPLE 1 from5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (Preparation 18)and 2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethylamine. The product was purified bychromatography on silica gel eluting with methanol/dichloromethane(3:97) to give the title compound as a yellow solid. δ_(H) (CD₃OD): 2.94(2H, t), 3.59 (2H, t), 3.78 (3H, s), 6.84 (1H, t), 6.89 (1H, d), 6.97(1H, s), 7.12-7.18 (2H, m), 7.60 (1H, s), 8.55 (1H, s); m/z (ES⁺)=330[M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 14 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)amide

The title compound was prepared as outlined in EXAMPLE 1 from5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (Preparation 18)and 2-oxo-2-phenylethylamine. The product was purified by mass directedpurification to give the title compound as an orange solid. m/z(ES⁺)=314 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.30 min.

EXAMPLE 15 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(1H-benzoimidazol-2-ylmethyl)amide

The title compound was prepared as outlined in EXAMPLE 1 from5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (Preparation 18)and 2-oxo-2-phenylethylamine. The product was purified by mass directedpurification to give the title compound as a yellow solid. m/z (ES⁺)=326[M+H]⁺; RT=2.66 min.

EXAMPLE 16 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acidphenethylamide

The title compound was prepared as outlined in EXAMPLE 1 from5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (Preparation 18)and phenethylamine. The product was purified by mass directedpurification to give the title compound as an orange solid. δ_(H)(CD₃OD): 2.94 (2H, t), 3.63 (2H, t), 7.00 (1H, s), 7.15-7.30 (5H, m),7.64 (1H, s), 8.57 (1H, s); m/z (ES⁺)=300 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 17 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]amide

The title compound was prepared as outlined in EXAMPLE 1 from5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (Preparation 18)and 4-fluorophenethylamine. The product was purified by mass directedpurification to give the title compound as an orange solid. δ_(H)(CD₃OD): 2.93 (2H, t), 3.60 (2H, t), 6.97-7.04 (3H, m), 7.24-7.30 (2H,m), 7.65 (1H, s), 8.56 (1H, s); m/z (ES⁺)=318 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 18 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[2-(2-chloro-6-fluorobenzalsulfanyl)ethyl]amide

The title compound was prepared as outlined in EXAMPLE 1 from5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (Preparation 18)and 2-(2-chloro-6-fluorobenzylsulfanyl)ethylamine. The product waspurified by mass directed purification to give the title compound as ayellow solid. δ_(H) (CD₃OD): 2.82 (2H, t), 3.64 (2H, t), 3.95 (2H, s),7.04-7.09 (2H, m), 7.20-7.25 (2H, m), 7.67 (1H, s), 8.58 (1H, s); m/z(ES⁺)=398 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 19 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(2,3-dihydrobenzo[1,4]dioxin-2-ylmethyl)amide

The title compound was prepared as outlined in EXAMPLE 1 from5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (Preparation 18)and 2,3-dihydrobenzo[1,4]dioxin-2-ylmethylamine. The product waspurified by mass directed purification to give the title compound as ayellow solid. δ_(H) (CD₃OD): 3.69-3.73 (2H, m), 3.97-4.03 (1H, m),4.32-4.42 (2H, m), 6.77-6.88 (4H, m), 7.10 (1H, s), 7.67 (1H, s), 8.58(1H, s); m/z (ES⁺)=344 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 20 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[2-(naphthalen-1-ylamino)ethyl]amide

The title compound was prepared as outlined in EXAMPLE 1 from5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (Preparation 18)and 2-(naphthalen-1-ylamino)ethylamine. The product was purified by massdirected purification to give the title compound as a brown solid. δ_(H)(CD₃OD): 3.55 (2H, t), 3.80 (2H, t), 6.68 (1H, d), 7.04 (1H, s), 7.14(1H, d), 7.28 (1H, t), 7.36-7.42 (2H, m), 7.65 (1H, s), 7.70-7.74 (1H,m), 7.98-8.02 (1H, m), 8.58 (1H, s); m/z (ES⁺)=365 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 21 1H-Pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(2-phenylaminoethyl)amide

The title compound was prepared as outlined in EXAMPLE 1 from1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (Preparation 15) and2-phenylaminoethylamine to give the title compound as a pale yellowsolid. δ_(H) (CD₃OD): 3.37 (2H, t), 3.63 (2H, t), 6.61 (1H, t), 6.69(2H, d), 7.08-7.13 (2H, m), 7.64 (1H, d), 8.10 (1H, d), 8.78 (1H, s);m/z (ES⁺)=281 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 22 1H-Pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(2-phenoxyethyl)amide

The title compound was prepared as outlined in EXAMPLE 1 from1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (Preparation 15) and2-phenoxyethylamine to give the title compound as a pale yellow solid.δ_(H) (CD₃OD): 3.81 (2H, t), 4.18 (2H, t), 6.89-6.97 (3H, m), 7.14 (1H,s), 7.26 (2H, t), 7.65 (1H, d), 8.10 (1H, d), 8.78 (1H, s); m/z(ES⁺)=282 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 23 5-Methoxy-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(1-dimethylcarbamoyl-2-(S)-phenylethyl)amide

To a solution of 5-methoxy-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(Preparation 36, 50 mg, 0.26 mmol) in DMF (3 mL), was added DIPEA (100μL, 0.57 mmol), HOBt (35 mg, 0.26 mmol) and EDCI (60 mg, 0.31 mmol)sequentially. The reaction mixture was stirred for 5 min prior to theaddition of 2-(S)-amino-N,N-dimethyl-3-phenylpropionamide hydrochloride(Preparation 8, 65 mg, 0.29 mmol) in one portion. The reaction mixturewas stirred for 21 h at rt then water (15 mL) and dichloromethane (30mL) were added. The mixture was stirred vigorously for 10 min and thelayers separated. The aqueous phase was extracted with dichloromethane(3×15 mL) and the combined organics washed with brine (30 mL), dried(MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Purification via flashcolumn chromatography (SiO₂, ethyl acetate/isohexane, 1:1) gave a yellowoil. Trituration with water followed by filtration and drying gave thetitle compound as a white solid. δ_(H) (CD₃OD): 2.88 (6H, 2×s), 3.12(2H, m), 3.94 (3H, s), 5.26 (1H, dd), 6.71 (1H, d), 7.13 (1H, s), 7.25(5H, m), 7.74 (1H, d); m/z (ES⁺)=367 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.20 min.

EXAMPLE 24 1H-Pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(1-dimethylcarbamoyl-2-(S)-phenylethylamide

Prepared as outlined in EXAMPLE 1 from1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (Preparation 32) and2-(S)-amino-N,N-dimethyl-3-phenyl-propionamide hydrochloride(Preparation 8, 78 mg, 0.34 mmol). The title compound was isolated as awhite solid. δ_(H) (d₆ DMSO): 2.82 (3H, s), 2.98 (3H, s), 3.03 (2H, m),5.12 (1H, m), 7.16 (2H, m), 7.24 (2H, m), 7.32 (2H, m), 7.40 (1H, d),7.74 (1H, d), 8.37 (1H, dd), 8.93 (1H, d); m/z (ES⁺)=337 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.10min.

EXAMPLE 25 1H-Pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(2-phenoxyethyl)amide

To a solution of 1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(Preparation 32, 50 mg, 0.31 mmol) in DMF (5 mL), was added2-phenoxyethylamine (44 μL, 0.34 mmol), DIPEA (118 μL, 0.68 mmol) andHOBt (42 mg, 0.31 mmol) sequentially. The reaction mixture was stirredfor 5 min prior to the addition of EDCI (42 mg, 0.22 mmol) in oneportion. The resulting mixture was stirred for 20 h at rt andpartitioned between ethyl acetate (50 mL) and water (20 mL). The layerswere separated and the aqueous phase extracted with ethyl acetate (2×30mL). The combined organic fractions were washed with brine (20 mL),dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give an oil.Trituration with diethyl ether/isohexane and collection by filtrationgave, after air-drying, the title compound as a cream coloured solid.δ_(H) (d₆ DMSO): 3.48 (2H, m), 4.14 (2H, t), 6.94 (3H, m), 7.17 (1H,dd), 7.28 (3H, m), 7.77 (1H, d), 8.37 (1H, dd), 8.86 (1H, t); m/z(ES⁺)=282 [M+H]⁺; RT=2.60 min.

EXAMPLE 26 1H-Pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(2-phenylaminoethyl)amide

The title compound was prepared as outlined in EXAMPLE 25 exceptN-phenylethylenediamine (44 μL, 0.34 mmol) was used in place of2-phenoxyethylamine. The title compound was isolated as a cream solid.δ_(H) (d₆ DMSO): 3.23 (2H, m), 3.37 (2H, m), 5.70 (1H, t), 6.52 (1H, t),6.63 (2H, dd), 7.07 (2H, dd), 7.17 (1H, dd), 7.22 (1H, s), 7.77 (1H, d),8.37 (1H, dd), 8.73 (1H, t); m/z (ES⁺)=281 [M+H]⁺; RT=2.36 min.

EXAMPLE 27 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(2-phenoxyethyl)amide

The title compound was prepared as outlined in EXAMPLE 1 from5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (Preparation 6) and2-phenoxyethylamine. On completion of the reaction, the mixture waspartitioned between water and dichloromethane on a hydrophobic frit,washing with dichloromethane. The organic filtrate was concentrated invacuo then triturated with dichloromethane/methanol/ethyl acetate togive the title compound as a white solid. δ_(H) (d₆ DMSO): 3.68 (2H, m),4.13 (2H, m), 6.94 (3H, m), 7.25 (4H, m), 7.83 (1H, d), 8.95 (1H, t),12.09 (1H, s). m/z (ES⁺)=316 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.45 min.

EXAMPLE 28 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[2-(4-benzylpiperazin-1-yl)ethyl]amide

The title compound was prepared as outlined in EXAMPLE 1 from5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (Preparation 18)and 4-benzylpiperazin-1ylethylamine. The product was purified by massdirected purification to give the title compound as an orange solid. m/z(ES⁺)=398 [M+H]⁺; RT=2.75 min.

EXAMPLE 29 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo [2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(2-benzylaminoethyl)amide

The title compound was prepared as outlined in EXAMPLE 1 from5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (Preparation 18)and 2-benzylaminoethylamine. The product was purified by mass directedpurification to give the title compound as an off-white solid. m/z(ES⁺)=329 [M+H]⁺; RT=2.75 min.

EXAMPLE 30 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acidphenylcarbamoylmethylamide

To a solution of [(5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]acetic acid (EXAMPLE 40, 30 mg, 0.12 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was addedaniline (12 μL, 0.13 mmol), HOBt (16 mg, 0.12 mmol) and DIPEA (41 μL,0.24 mmol). After 5 min, EDCI (29 mg, 0.15 mmol) was added, and thereaction stirred at rt for 16 h. The solvent was removed in vacuo andthe solid partitioned between water (20 mL) and ethyl acetate (3×20 mL).The combined organic fractions were dried (MgSO₄), concentrated in vacuoand the residue purified by chromatography on silica gel eluting withmethanol/dichloromethane (1:19) to give the title compound as a yellowsolid. m/z (ES⁺)=329 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.17 min.

EXAMPLE 31 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[(tetrahydropyran-4-ylcarbomoyl)methyl]amide

The title compound was prepared according to the procedure of EXAMPLE 30except 4-aminotetrahydropyran was used in place of aniline. After 16 hthe reaction mixture was poured into water and left for a further 16 h.The solid was filtered and dried to give the title compound as a whitecrystalline solid. m/z (ES⁺)=337 [M+H]⁺; RT=2.72 min.

EXAMPLE 32 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid{[(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)carbamoyl]methyl}amide

The title compound was prepared according to EXAMPLE 30 except2-aminomethylthiophene was used in place of aniline. After stirring for16 h the reaction mixture was poured into water and the precipitate wasfiltered and dried to give the title compound as a white solid. m/z(ES⁺)=349 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.07 min.

EXAMPLE 33 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[(4-methoxyphenylcarbamoyl)methyl]amide

The title compound was prepared according to EXAMPLE 30 exceptp-anisidine was used in place of aniline. After stirring for 16 h, thereaction mixture was poured into water and the precipitate was filteredand dried to give the title compound as a beige solid. m/z (ES⁺)=359[M+H]⁺; RT=3.22 min.

EXAMPLE 34 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(1-(S)-benzyl-2-oxo-2-pyrrolidin-1-ylethyl)amide

To a solution of2-(S)-[(5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-phenylpropionicacid (EXAMPLE 42, 50 mg, 0.15 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was added pyrrolidine(13 μL, 0.16 mmol), HOBt (20 mg, 0.15 mmol) and DIPEA (51 μL, 0.29mmol). After 5 min, EDCI (36 mg, 0.19 mmol) was added and the reactionwas stirred at rt for 16 h. The solvent was removed in vacuo and thesolid was triturated with water, filtered and dried to give the titlecompound as a beige solid. m/z (ES⁺)=397 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.38 min.

EXAMPLE 35 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-cl]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[1-(S)-benzal-2-(3-(S)-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl-2-oxoethyl]amide

To a solution of2-(S)-[(5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-phenylpropionicacid (EXAMPLE 42, 50 mg, 0.15 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was added3-(S)-hydroxypyrrolidine (13.9 mg, 0.16 mmol), HOBt (20 mg, 0.15 mmol)and DIPEA (51 μL, 0.29 mmol). After 5 min, EDCI (36 mg, 0.19 mmol) wasadded and the reaction stirred at rt for 16 h. The solvent was removedin vacuo and the residue partitioned between water (20 mL) and ethylacetate (3×20 mL), dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. Purificationvia chromatography on silica gel eluting with methanol/dichloromethane(4:96) gave the title compound as a white solid. m/z (ES⁺)=413 [M+H]⁺;RT=3.20 min.

EXAMPLE 36 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[1-(S)-benzyl-2-(3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]amide

The title compound was prepared according to EXAMPLE 35 exceptcis-3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidine was used in place of3-(S)-hydroxypyrrolidine. Purification via chromatography on silica geleluting with a gradient of methanol/dichloromethane (4:96 to 1:9) gavethe title compound as a white solid. m/z (ES⁺)=429 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.12 min.

EXAMPLE 37 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(1-(S)-benzal-2-oxo-2-thiomorpholin-4-ylethyl)amide

The title compound was prepared according to the procedure used forEXAMPLE 35 except thiomorpholine was used in place of3-(S)-hydroxypyrrolidine. Purification via chromatography on silica geleluting with methanol/dichloromethane (3:97) gave the title compound asa white solid. m/z (ES⁺)=429 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.54 min.

EXAMPLE 38 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[2-phenyl-1-(S)-(tetrahydropyran-4-ylcarbamoyl)ethyl]amide

The title compound was prepared according to EXAMPLE 35 except4-aminotetrahydropyran was used in place of 3-(S)-hydroxypyrrolidine.The product was recrystallised from methanol/dichloromethane (3:97) togive the title compound as a white solid. m/z (ES⁺)=427 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.23min.

EXAMPLE 39 [(5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl aminolaceticacid ethyl ester

To a solution of 5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(Preparation 18, 800 mg, 4.1 mmol) in DMF (40 mL) was added glycineethyl ester hydrochloride (625 mg, 4.5 mmol), HOBt (0.55 g, 4.1 mmol)and DIPEA (2.13 mL, 12.2 mmol). After 5 min, EDCI (1.01 g, 5.3 mmol) wasadded and the reaction stirred at rt for 16 h. The solvent was removedin vacuo and the solid partitioned between water (100 mL) and ethylacetate (3×80 mL). The combined organic fractions were dried (MgSO₄),concentrated in vacuo and purified by chromatography on silica geleluting with methanol/dichloromethane (4:96) to give the title compoundas a yellow solid. δ_(H) (CD₃OD): 1.28 (3H, t), 4.14 (2H, s), 4.23 (2H,q), 7.10 (1H, s), 7.68 (1H, s), 8.59 (1H, s); m/z (ES⁺)=282 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 40 [(5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]aceticacid

To a solution of [(5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]acetic acid ethyl ester (EXAMPLE 39, 500 mg, 1.8 mmol) in THF (30 mL)was added sodium hydroxide solution (1.8 mL, 2M, 3.6 mmol) and thereaction stirred at rt for 4 h. The solvent was removed in vacuo and thesolid partitioned between hydrochloric acid (1M, 100 mL) and ethylacetate (2×100 mL). The aqueous layer was concentrated in vacuo and thesolid residue suspended in water (10 mL), filtered and dried to give thetitle compound as an off-white solid. δ_(H) (d₆ DMSO): 3.97 (2H, d),7.18 (1H, s), 7.76 (1H, s), 8.57 (1H, s), 9.17 (1H, t), 12.32 (1H, s);m/z (ES⁺)=254 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 412-(S)-[(5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-phenylpropionicacid ethyl ester

To a solution of 5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(Preparation 18, 2.00 g, 10.2 mmol) in DMF (50 mL) was addedL-phenylalanine ethyl ester hydrochloride (2.45 g, 10.7 mmol), HOBt(1.37 g, 10.2 mmol) and DIPEA (5.3 mL, 30.5 mmol). After 5 min, EDCI(2.54 g, 13.2 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture stirred at rt for16 h. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the solid dissolved in ethylacetate (150 mL) and washed with water (200 mL). The organic phase wasdried (MgSO₄), concentrated in vacuo and purified by chromatography onsilica gel eluting with methanol/dichloromethane (3:97) to give thetitle compound as a pale yellow solid. δ_(H) (CD₃OD): 1.21 (3H, t), 3.13(1H, dd), 3.28 (1H, dd), 4.17 (2H, q), 4.86 (1H, m), 7.09 (1H, s),7.16-7.26 (5H, m), 7.65 (1H, s), 8.55 (1H, s); m/z (ES⁺)=372 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 422-(S)-[(5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)aminol-3-phenylpropionicacid

Sodium hydroxide solution (2.5 mL,2M, 5.1 mmol) was added to a solutionof2-(S)-[(5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-phenylpropionicacid ethyl ester (EXAMPLE 41, 940 mg, 2.5 mmol) in THF (30 mL) and thereaction mixture was stirred at rt for 16 h. The solvent was removed invacuo and the solid partitioned between hydrochloric acid (2M, 40 mL)and ethyl acetate (3×40 mL). The combined organic fractions were dried(MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound as a yellowsolid. m/z (ES⁺)=344 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.29 min.

EXAMPLE 43(S)-3-r(5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)aminol-(R)-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyricacid methyl ester

To a solution of 5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(Preparation 18, 165 mg, 0.84 mmol) and(3S,2R)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyric acid methyl ester (Preparation21, 175 mg, 0.84 mmol) in DMF (10 mL)was added HOBt (125 mg, 0.92 mmol),DIPEA (0.29 mL, 1.68 mmol) and EDCI (177 mg, 0.92 mmol) and the reactionstirred at rt for 72 h. The reaction solvent was removed in vacuo, andthe residue partitioned between water (40 mL) and ethyl acetate (3×40mL). The combined organic fractions were dried (MgSO₄), concentrated invacuo and the residue purified by chromatography on silica gel elutingwith methanol/dichloromethane (3:97) to give the title compound as ayellow solid. δ_(H) (CD₃OD): 2.97-3.12 (2H, m), 3.67 (1H, s), 4.25 (1H,d), 4.70-4.75 (1H, m), 7.08 (1H, s), 7.15-7.21 (1H, m), 7.25-7.34 (4H,m), 7.65 (1H, s), 8.55 (1H, s); m/z (ES⁺)=388 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 44(S)-3-[(5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)aminol-(R)-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyricacid

Sodium hydroxide solution (0.24 mL, 2M, 0.48 mmol) was added to asolution of(S)-3-[(5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-(R)-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyricacid methyl ester (EXAMPLE 43, 170 mg, 0.44 mmol) in methanol (5 mL) andthe reaction stirred at rt for 24 h. The solvent was removed in vacuoand the residue partitioned between hydrochloric acid (1N, 30 mL) andethyl acetate (3×3 mL). The combined organic fractions were dried(MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound as a yellowsolid. δ_(H) (DMSO): 2.71 (1H, dd), 2.91 (1H, dd), 3.56 (1H, d),4.38-4.46 (1H, m), 4.77 (1H, s), 6.76 (1H, s), 7.11-7.16 (1H, m),7.19-7.27 (4H, m), 7.45 (1H, s), 8.44-8.52 (2H, m); m/z (ES⁺)=374[M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 45 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxoethyl]amide

Aqueous hydrochloric acid (2.1 mL, 2M) was added to a solution of5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)[1,3]dioxolan-2-ylmethyl]amide (Preparation 49, 160mg, 0.41 mmol) in acetone (20 mL). The mixture was heated under refluxfor 90 min then allowed to cool to rt. The suspension was filtered thenwashed with acetone and air dried, to give the title compound as a paleyellow solid. δ_(H) (d₆ DMSO): 3.86 (3H, s), 4.79 (2H, d), 7.08 (2H, d),7.23 (1H, s), 7.77 (1H, s), 8.03 (2H, d), 8.58 (1H, s), 9.14 (1H, t),12.31 (1H, br s). m/z (ES⁺)=344 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.34 min.

The following compounds were synthesised according to the method ofEXAMPLE 45 using the appropriate ketal and aqueous hydrochloric acid.

Ex- ample R m/z 46

m/z (ES⁺) = 350 [M + H]⁺; RT = 3.20 min 47

m/z (ES⁺) = 348 [M + H]⁺; RT = 3.32 min 48

m/z (ES⁺) = 332 [M + H]⁺; RT = 3.25 min

EXAMPLE 49 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[2-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]amide

To a stirred suspension of5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[2-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-oxoethyl]amide EXAMPLE 48 (0.05 g, 151 mmol) inethanol (5 mL, absolute) was added polymer-supported borohydride (2.5mmol/g, 0.09 g, 226 mmol) and the mixture sonicated with gentle warminguntil the ketone had dissolved. The reaction mixture was stirred for 2days at rt then filtered, washing with methanol. The filtrate wasevaporated to dryness in vacuo to give a colourless oil. Purificationvia flash column chromatography (SiO₂, ethyl acetate:isohexane, 1:1,v/v) gave the title compound as a white solid. m/z (ES⁺)=334 [M+H]⁺;RT=2.93 min.

EXAMPLE 50 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(1-dimethylcarbamoyl-2-(S)-pyridin-3-yl-ethyl)amide

To a solution of (S)-2-amino-N,N-dimethyl-3-pyridin-3-ylpropionamidehydrochloride (Preparation 53, 170 mg, 0.74 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) wasadded DIPEA (0.45 mL, 2.58 mmol),5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (Preparation 18,145 mg, 0.74 mmol) and TBTU (262 mg, 0.82 mmol). The reaction mixturewas stirred at rt for 16 h. The solvent was removed in vacuo and theremainder was purified by preparative HPLC, to give the title compoundas an off-white solid. δ_(H) (CD₃OD): 2.95 (3H, s), 3.08 (3H, s),3.11-3.18 (1H, m), 3.22-3.28 (1H, m), 5.31-5.37 (1H, m), 7.12 (1H, s),7.34-7.38 (1H, m), 7.65 (1H, s), 7.79-7.84 (1H, m), 8.37-8.41 (1H, m),8.45-8.51 (1H, m), 8.54 (1H, s); m/z (ES⁺)=372 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 51 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(2-oxo-1-(S)-pyridin-3-ylmethyl-2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-ethylamide

To a solution of(S)-2-amino-3-pyridin-3-yl-1-pyrrolidin-1-ylpropan-1-one hydrochloride(Preparation 54, 239 mg, 0.94 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added DIPEA (0.60mL, 3.28 mmol), 5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(Preparation 18, 184 mg, 0.94 mmol) and TBTU (330 mg, 1.03 mmol). Thereaction mixture was stirred at rt for 16 h. The solvent was removed invacuo and the residue partitioned between ethyl acetate (100 mL) andsodium hydroxide solution (2×100 mL, 1N). The organic phase was dried(MgSO₄) and evaporated to dryness give the title compound as a brownsolid. δ_(H) (CD₃OD): 1.74-1.94 (4H, m), 3.12-3.39 (4H, m), 3.41-3.48(1H, m), 3.69-3.75 (1H, m), 5.07-5.12 (1H, m), 7.16 (1H, s), 7.34-7.39(1H, m), 7.67 (1H, s), 7.79-7.83 (1H, m), 8.37-8.42 (1H, m), 8.45-8.51(1H, m), 8.56 (1H, s); m/z (ES⁺)=398 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 52 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(1-dimethylcarbamoyl-2-(S)-pyridin-2-yl-ethyl)amide

To a solution of2-(S)-amino-N,N-dimethylamino-3-pyridin-2-yl-propionamide hydrochloride(Preparation 53, 0.15 g, 0.66 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added DIPEA (0.4mL, 2.31 mmol), TBTU (0.212 g, 0.66 mmol) and5-chloro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid (Preparation 18, 0.130 g, 0.66mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 16 h then concentratedunder reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (200mL) and washed with sodium hydroxide solution (100 mL, 1N). The organicextract was dried and concentrated in vacuo. Purification by preparativehplc gave the title compound as a white solid. m/z (ES⁺)=372 [M+H]⁺;RT=2.47 min.

EXAMPLE 53 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[1-(S)-(4-fluorobenzal)-2-(3-(S)-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl]amide

To a solution of carboxylic acid (Preparation 18, 2.66 g, 13.6 mmol) inDMF (anhydrous, 120 mL) was added amine.HCl (Preparation 103, 4.30 g,14.9 mmol), DIPEA (7.79 mL, 44.7 mmol) and HOBt.H₂O (2.280 g, 14.9mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at rt for 10 min prior to theaddition of EDCI (3.12 g, 16.3 mmol) and the reaction mixture stirredfor 17 h at rt. The volatiles were removed in vacuo then the residue waspartitioned between ethyl acetate (200 mL) and water (200 mL). Theaqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×50 mL) then thecombined organics washed with sodium hydroxide solution (2M, 3×50 mL),hydrochloric acid (2M, 2×50 mL), brine (100 mL), dried (MgSO₄), filteredand concentrated in vacuo. The isolated solid was dissolved inmethanol/dichloromethane (15:185, v/v) then purified via flashchromatography (SiO₂, dissolved in methanol/dichloromethane, 15:185,v/v) to give the title compound as a pale yellow powder. δ_(H) (CD₃OD):1.72-2.02 (2H, m), 3.01-3.13 (1H, m), 3.13-3.26 (2H, m), 3.35-3.52(1.5H, m), 3.55-3.65 (0.5H, m), 3.71-3.81 (0.5H, m), 3.84 (0.5H, dd),4.23-4.33 (0.5H, m), 4.37-4.45 (0.5H, m), 4.99 (0.5H, t), 5.07 (0.5H,t), 6.90-7.07 (2H, m), 7.13 (1H, d), 7.31 (2H, dd), 7.66 (1H, s), 8.54(1H, d); m/z (ES⁺)=431 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.17 min.

EXAMPLE 54 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[2-(S)-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-isopropylcarbamoylethyl]amide

To a solution of2-(S)-[(5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)-amino]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propionicacid (30 mg, 0.08 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was added DIPEA (17.3 μL, 0.10mmol) and HATU (37.8 mg, 0.10 mmol). After 15 min, isopropylamine (7.1μL, 0.08 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 24h then concentrated under reduced pressure (genevac). Purification bymass directed purification gave the title compound as a yellow solid.m/z (ES⁺)=403 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.39 min.

EXAMPLES 55-98

The following compounds were prepared according to the method of EXAMPLE54 from2-(S)-[(5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propionicacid and the appropriate amine. Example NR¹R² m/z RT (min) 55

375 3.11 56

389 3.24 57

415 3.36 58

429 3.51 59

443/445 3.11 60

457/459 3.22 61

471/473 3.29 62

445 3.20 63

441 3.44 64

401 3.19 65

415 3.31 66

429 3.51 67

445 3.24 68

445 3.14 69

459 3.39 70

431 3.07 71

472 3.04 72

431 3.17 73

444 2.69 74

405 3.06 75

419 3.19 76

435 3.36 77

432 2.77 78

449 2.99 79

389 3.24 80

417 3.37 81

474 2.67 82

444 3.04 83

452 2.65 84

437 357 85

443 3.52 86

477 3.31 87

475 3.11 88

447 2.99 89

443 3.51 90

433 3.32 91

445 3.19 92

447 3.37 93

446 2.64 94

419 3.04 95

474 2.64 96

498 2.70 97

445 3.14 98

443 3.20

EXAMPLE 99 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[1-cyclopropylcarbamoyl-2-(S)-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]amide

To a solution of2-(S)-[(5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)-amino]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propionicacid (100 mg, 0.28 mmol) in DMF (5 ml) was added cyclopropylamine (19.2μl, 0.28 mmol), HOBt (37 mg, 0.28 mmol) and DIPEA (96 μl, 0.55 mmol).After 5 min, EDCI (69 mg, 0.36 mmol) was added and the reaction mixturestirred at rt for 16 h. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residuetriturated with water and chromatographed on silica gel eluting withmethanol:dichloromethane (1:24) to give the title compound as anoff-white solid. m/z (ES⁺)=401 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.22 min.

EXAMPLES 100-106

The following compounds were prepared according to the method of EXAMPLE99 from 2-(S)-[(5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]3-(4-fluorophenyl)propionic acid andthe appropriate amine. All compounds were purified by chromatography onsilica gel eluting with the described solvent system. RT Example NR¹R²Eluent m/z (min) 100

MeOH:DCM 1:19 433 3.06 101

MeOH:DCM 3:97 433 3.20 102

MeOH:DCM 6:94 435 2.95 103

MeOH:DCM 3:97 486 3.15 104

NH₄OH:MeOH:DCM 1:9:90 500 2.82 105

MeOH:DCM 1:19 550 3.24 106

MeOH:DCM 1:19 520 3.36

EXAMPLE 107 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[1-(S)-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-(3-hydroxyazetidin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl]amide

2-(S)-[(5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propionicacid (100 mg, 0.28 mmol), 3-hydroxyazetidine hydrochloride(Heterocycles, 2002, 56(1-2), 433-442; 30 mg, 0.28 mmol) and HOBt (37mg, 0.28 mmol) were dissolved in DMF (5 ml) and DIPEA (0.14 ml, 0.83mmol). After 5 min, EDCI (69 mg, 0.36 mmol) was added and the reactionmixture stirred at rt for 16 h. The solvent was removed in vacuo and theresidue triturated with water. Purification by chromatography on silicagel eluting with methanol:dichloromethane (1:49 to 3:97) gave the titlecompound as a yellow solid. δ_(H) (CD₃OD): 3.08-3.21 (2H, m), 3.58-3.63(0.5H, m), 3.84-3.91 (0.5H, m), 4.03-4.09 (0.5H, m), 4.25-4.32 (0.5H,m), 4.38-4.94 (4H, m), 7.03-7.12 (2H, m), 7.15-7.19 (1H, m), 7.30-7.38(2H, m), 7.68 (1H, s), 8.59 (1H, s); RT=3.32 min.

EXAMPLE 108 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[1-(S)-benzyl-2-(3-hydroxazetidin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl]amide

2-(S)-[(5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-phenylpropionicacid (100 mg, 0.29 mmol), 3-hydroxyazetidine hydrochloride (32 mg, 0.29mmol) and HOBt (39 mg, 0.29 mmol) were dissolved in DMF (5 ml) and DIPEA(0.15 ml, 0.87 mmol). After 5 min, EDCI (72 mg, 0.38 mmol) was added andthe reaction mixture stirred at rt for 16 h. The solvent was removed invacuo and the residue triturated with water. Purification bychromatography on silica gel eluting with methanol:dichloromethane (1:49to 3:97) gave the title compound as an off-white solid. δ_(H) (CD₃OD):3.12-3.20 (2H, m), 3.45-3.51 (0.5H, m), 3.83-3.90 (0.5H, m), 4.00-4.13(1H, m), 4.35-4.52 (2H, m), 4.57-4.94 (2H, m), 7.18-7.22 (1H, m),7.27-7.40 (5H, m), 7.68 (1H, s), 8.59 (1H, s); RT=3.27 min.

EXAMPLE 109 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[2-(3-hydroxyazetidin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl]amide

[(5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]acetic acid (30mg, 0.12 mmol), 3-hydroxyazetidine hydrochloride (13 mg, 0.12 mmol) andHOBt (16 mg, 0.12 mmol) were dissolved in DMF (3 ml) and DIPEA (43 μl,0.25 mmol). After 5 min, EDCI (30 mg, 0.15 mmol) was added and thereaction mixture stirred at rt for 16 h. The solvent was removed invacuo and the residue partitioned between water (20 ml) and DCM (3×20ml). The combined organics were dried (MgSO₄), concentrated in vacuo andthe residue purified by chromatography on silica gel eluting withmethanol:dichloromethane (1:24) to give the title compound as a whitesolid. δ_(H) (CD₃OD): 4.06-4.15 (3H, m), 4.40-4.46 (1H, m), 4.55-4.63(1H, m), 4.77-4.94 (2H, m), 7.14 (1H, s), 7.71 (1H, s), 8.62 (1H, s);RT=2.82 min.

EXAMPLES 110-111

The following compounds were prepared according to the method of EXAMPLE109 from [(5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]aceticacid and the appropriate amine. All compounds were purified bychromatography on silica gel eluting with the described solvent system.RT Example NR¹R² Eluent m/z (min) 110

MeOH:DCM 6:94 to 8:92 337 2.61 111

MeOH:DCM 1:24 323 2.65

EXAMPLE 1122-[(5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-oxo-3-phenylpropionicacid ethyl ester

5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (100 mg, 0.51 mmol)and 4-(4,6-dimethoxy[1.3.5]triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride(DMTMM) (183 mg, 0.66 mmol) were dissolved in THF (20 ml). After 5 min,2-amino-3-oxo-3-phenylpropionic acid ethyl ester hydrochloride(Tetrahedron Lett., 1993, 34(2), 211-214; 124 mg, 0.51 mmol) and4-methylmorpholine (56 μl, 0.51 mmol) were added and the reactionmixture stirred at rt for 72 h. The solvent was removed in vacuo and theresidue partitioned between water (40 ml) and EtOAc (3×30 ml). Thecombined organics were dried (MgSO₄), concentrated in vacuo and purifiedby chromatography on silica gel eluting with methanol:dichloromethane(1:19). This material was further triturated with methanol:diethyl ether(1:19) to give the title compound as a pale yellow solid. m/z (ES⁺)=386[M+H]⁺; RT=3.56 min.

EXAMPLE 113 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[2-(S)-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(methoxymethylcarbomoyl)ethyl]amide

2-(S)-[(5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propionicacid (80 mg, 0.22 mmol) and N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (24mg, 0.24 mmol) were dissolved in ethanol (10 ml) and 4-methylmorpholine(27 μl, 0.24 mmol). To this was added DMTMM (67 mg, 0.24 mmol) and thereaction mixture was stirred at rt for 16 h. FurtherN,O-dimethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (12 mg, 0.12 mmol),4-methylmorpholine (14 μl, 0.12 mmol) and DMTMM (34 mg, 0.12 mmol) wereadded and the reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 96 h. The solventwas removed in vacuo and the residue partitioned between water (40 ml)and EtOAc (2×40 ml). The combined organics were dried (MgSO₄),concentrated in vacuo and purified by chromatography on silica geleluting with methanol:dichloromethane (1:19) to give the title compoundas a white solid. m/z (ES⁺)=405 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.36 min.

EXAMPLE 114 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[1-(S)-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl]amide

5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (Preparation 57, 50mg, 0.25 mmol),2-(S)-amino-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)propan-1-onehydrochloride (85 mg, 0.25 mmol) and DMTMM (85 mg, 0.31 mmol) weredissolved in ethanol (5 ml) and 4-methylmorpholine (31 μl, 0.28 mmol).The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 16 h. The solvent was removedin vacuo and the residue partitioned between water (30 ml) and EtOAc(3×25 ml). The combined organics were dried (MgSO₄), concentrated invacuo and purified by chromatography on silica gel eluting withmethanol:dichloromethane (1:19) to give the title compound as a beigesolid. m/z (ES⁺)=445 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.31 min.

EXAMPLE 115 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(1-dimethylcarbamoyl-2-(S)-phenylethyl)amide

5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (Preparation 57, 55mg, 0.28 mmol), 2-(S)-amino-N,N-dimethyl-3-phenylpropionamidehydrochloride (70 mg, 0.31 mmol) and DMTMM (93 mg, 0.34 mmol) weredissolved in ethanol (5 ml) and 4-methylmorpholine (34 μl, 0.31 mmol).The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 24 h. The solvent was removedin vacuo and the residue partitioned between water (40 ml) and EtOAc(2×40 ml). The combined organics were washed with 2N NaOH solution (40ml), brine (40 ml), dried (MgSO₄), concentrated in vacuo and purified bychromatography on silica gel eluting with methanol:dichloromethane(3:97) to give the title compound as a yellow solid. m/z (ES⁺)=371[M+H]⁺; RT=3.49 min.

EXAMPLE 116 5-Ethynyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(1-(S)-dimethylcarbamoyl-2-phenylethyl)amide

To a solution of 2-(S)-amino-N,N-dimethyl-3-phenylpropionamidehydrochloride (Preparation 8, 0.0135 g, 0.059 mmol) in DMF (anhydrous, 3mL) was added DIPEA (0.031 mL, 0.177 mmol) then carboxylic acid(Preparation 60, 0.010 g, 0.054 mmol). To the stirred solution was addedHOBt.H₂O (0.008 g, 0.059 mmol) then, after 10 min, EDCI (0.012 g, 0.065mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 18 h then all volatiles wereremoved in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate (30mL) and water (20 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous layerextracted with ethyl acetate (3×20 mL). The combined organics werewashed with brine (30 mL), dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated invacuo. The residue was dissolved in methanol then adsorbed onto silicagel. Purification via flash column chromatography (SiO₂, CH₂Cl₂:MeOH,19:1, v/v) gave the title compound as an off-white solid. δ_(H) (CD₃OD):2.88 (3H, s), 2.89 (3H, s), 3.00-3.23 (2H, m), 3.50 (1H, s), 5.27 (1H,t), 7.10-7.37 (6H, m), 7.86 (1H, s), 8.70 (1H, s). m/z (ES⁺)=361 [M+H]⁺;RT=2.65 min.

EXAMPLE 117 5-Cyano-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(1-(S)-dimethylcarbamoyl-2-phenylethyl)amide

To a solution of 2-(S)-amino-N,N-dimethyl-3-phenylpropionamidehydrochloride (Preparation 8, 0.023 g, 0.100 mmol) in DMF (anhydrous, 4mL) was added DIPEA (0.052 mL, 0.300 mmol) then carboxylic acid(Preparation 62, 0.017 g, 0.091 mmol). To the stirred solution was addedHOBt.H₂O (0.0135 g, 0.100 mmol) then, after 10 min, EDCI (0.021 g, 0.109mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 18 h then all volatiles wereremoved in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate (30mL) and water (20 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous layerextracted with ethyl acetate (3×20 mL). The combined organics werewashed with brine (30 mL), dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated invacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate then adsorbed ontosilica gel. Purification via flash column chromatography (SiO₂, ethylacetate:isohexane, 1:1, v/v) gave the title compound as a pale brownsolid. δ_(H) (CDCl₃): 2.77 (3H, s), 2.96 (3H, s), 3.08-8.20 (2H, m),5.23-5.41 (1H, m), 6.99 (1H, s), 7.14-7.36 (5H, m), 7.65 (1H, d), 8.01(1H, s), 8.87 (1H, s), 10.01 (1H, s); m/z (ES⁺)=362 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.11 min.

EXAMPLE 118 5-Cyano-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[1-(S)-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl]amide

To a solution of2-(S)-amino-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)propan-1-onehydrochloride (Preparation 20, 0.036 g, 0.118 mmol) in DMF (anhydrous, 5mL) was added DIPEA (0.061 mL, 0.353 mmol) then carboxylic acid(Preparation 62, 0.020 g, 0.107 mmol). To the stirred solution was addedHOBt.H₂O (0.016 g, 0.107 mmol) then, after 10 min, EDCI (0.025 g, 0.128mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 18 h then all volatiles wereremoved in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between CH₂Cl₂ (30 mL) andwater (20 mL). The layers were separated then the aqueous was extractedwith CH₂Cl₂ (2×30 mL). The combined organics were washed with brine (50mL), dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue wasdissolved in methanol then adsorbed onto silica gel. Purification viaflash column chromatography (SiO₂, methanol:dichloromethane, 7:93, v/v)gave the title compound as a white solid. δ_(H) (d₆ DMSO): 1.05-1.32(2H, m), 1.49-1.72 (2H, m), 2.86-3.42 (4H, m), 3.53-3.87 (2.5H, m),3.93-4.05 (0.5H, m), 4.69 (1H, d), 5.07-5.21 (1H, m), 6.97-7.12 (2H, m),7.26-7.39 (2H, m), 7.47 (1H, s), 8.41 (1H, s), 8.81 (1H, s), 9.01-9.41(1H, m), 12.64 (1H, s); m/z (ES⁺)=436 [M+H]⁺; RT=1.51 min.

EXAMPLE 119 5-Methyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(1-dimethylcarbamoyl-2-(S)-phenylethyl)amide

To a solution of 2-(S)-amino-N,N-dimethyl-3-phenylpropionamidehydrochloride (Preparation 8, 0.0286 g, 0.125 mmol) in DMF (anhydrous, 5mL) was added DIPEA (0.071 mL, 0.409 mmol) then carboxylic acid(Preparation 66, 0.020 g, 0.114 mmol). To the stirred solution was addedHOBt.H₂O (0.017 g, 0.125 mmol) then, after 10 min, EDCI (0.026 g, 0.136mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 16 h at room temperaturethen all volatiles were removed in vacuo. The residue was partitionedbetween CH₂Cl₂ (50 mL) and water (50 mL). The layers were separated thenthe aqueous layer extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×20 mL). The combined organicswere washed with brine (30 mL), dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentratedin vacuo. The residue was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ then purified via flashcolumn chromatography (SiO₂, CH₂Cl₂ then methanol:CH₂Cl₂, 1:19, v/v) togive the title compound as a pale yellow solid. δ_(H) (CDCl₃): 2.63 (3H,s), 2.77 (3H, s), 2.97 (3H, s), 3.11-3.25 (2H, m), 5.34-5.44 (1H, m),6.85 (1H, s), 7.20-7.33 (6H, m), 7.34 (1H, s), 7.83 (1H, d), 8.78 (1H,s); m/z (ES⁺)=351 [M+H]⁺; RT=2.36 min.

EXAMPLE 120 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[1-(S)-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-(4-methoxypiperidin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl]amide

To a solution of2-(S)-[(5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-phenylpropionicacid (EXAMPLE 42, 150 mg, 0.42 mmol) and 4-methoxypiperidinehydrochloride (Preparation 68, 86 mg, 0.57 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was addedHOBt (66 mg, 0.43 mmol), DIPEA (0.23 mL, 1.34 mmol) and EDCI (102 mg,0.53 mmol). After stirring at rt for 12 h the mixture was added todiluted brine (100 mL, water/brine: 1/1). Extraction with ethyl acetate(4×25 mL), washing of the combined extracts with brine (50 mL) anddrying (MgSO₄) gave, after concentration, a residue which was purifiedby recrystallisation from methanol to give the title compound as acolourless solid. m/z (ES⁺)=459.38 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.40 min.

EXAMPLE 121 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[1-(S)-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-(3-(R)-methoxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl]amide

To a solution of2-(S)-[(5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-phenylpropionicacid (EXAMPLE 42, 104 mg, 0.29 mmol) and (R)-3-methoxypyrrolidinehydrochloride (Preparation 70, 40 mg, 0.29 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was addedHOBt (44 mg, 0.29 mmol), DIPEA (0.15 mL, 0.88 mmol) and EDCI (66 mg,0.344 mmol). After stirring at rt for 12 h the mixture was added todiluted brine (100 mL, water/brine: 1/1). Extraction with ethyl acetate(4×25 mL), washing of the combined extracts with brine (50 mL) anddrying (MgSO₄) gave, after concentration, a residue which wasrecrystallised from acetonitrile to give the title compound as acolourless solid. m/z (ES⁺)=445.31 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.36 min.

EXAMPLE 122 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[(1-(S)-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-(3-(S)-methoxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl]amide

To a solution of2-(S)-[(5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-phenylpropionicacid (EXAMPLE 42, 53 mg, 0.15 mmol) and (S)-3-methoxypyrrolidinehydrochloride (Preparation 72, 20 mg, 0.15 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was addedHOBt (25 mg, 0.16 mmol), DIPEA (76 μL, 0.44 mmol) and EDCI (34 mg, 0.18mmol). After stirring at rt for 12 h the mixture was added to dilutedbrine (100 mL, water/brine: 1/1). Extraction with ethyl acetate (4×25mL), washing of the combined extracts with brine (50 mL) and drying(MgSO₄) gave, after concentration, a residue which was purified viaflash chromatography (silica gel, dichloromethane/methanol, 95:5) togive the title compound as a colourless solid. m/z (ES⁺)=445.34 [M+H]⁺;RT=3.34 min.

EXAMPLE 1233-(S)-[(5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-2-(S)-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyricacid methyl ester

5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (Preparation 18,170 mg, 0.86 mmol) and (3S,2S)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyric acidmethyl ester (Preparation 21A, 174 mg, 0.83 mmol) were coupled undersimilar conditions to EXAMPLE 43 using HOBt (142 mg, 0.93 mmol), EDCI(200 mg, 1.04 mmol), DIPEA (0.32 ml, 1.87 mmol) in DMF (10 ml). Thecrude product was purified by chromatography on silica gel eluting withhexane/ethyl acetate (25:75) to give the title compound as a colourlessoil. δ_(H) (CDCl₃): 3.04 (4H, 2dd), 3.74 (3H, s), 4.36 (1H, br s), 4.63(1H, m), 4.98 (1H, ddd), 6.66 (1H, s), 6.96 (1H, d), 7.18-7.35 (5H, m),7.48 (1H, s), 8.63 (1H, s).

EXAMPLE 1243-(S)-[(5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-2-(S)-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyricacid

3-(S)-[(5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-2-(S)-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyricacid methyl ester (152 mg, 0.39 mmol) was hydrolysed in a similar way toEXAMPLE 44 using sodium hydroxide solution (0.44 ml, 1N, 0.44 mmol) inmethanol (10 mL). δ_(H) (d₆ DMSO): 2.83, 2.95 (2H, 2dd), 4.19 (1H, d),4.52 (1H, m), 5.75 (1H, br s), 7.10-7.33 (6H, 2m), 7.68 (1H, s), 8.54(1H, s), 8.72 (1H, d).

EXAMPLE 125 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(1-(S)-benzyl-2-dimethylcarbamoyl-2-(S)-hydroxyethyl)amide

Dimethylamine hydrochloride (7 mg, 0.085 mmol) was added to a solutionof3-(S)-[(5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-2-(S)-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyricacid (EXAMPLE 124, 30 mg, 0.080 mmol), HOBt (14 mg, 0.091 mmol), DIPEA(31 μL, 0.18 mmol) and EDCI (18 mg, 0.094 mmol) in DMF (3 mL). After theaddition of DIPEA (14 ml, 0.080 mmol) the mixture was stirred for 12 hbefore adding to diluted brine (100 mL, water/brine: 1/1). Extractionwith ethyl acetate (4×25 mL), washing of the combined extracts withbrine (50 mL) and drying (MgSO₄) gave, after concentration, a residuewhich was purified by preparative LCMS to give the title compound as acolourless solid. m/z (ES⁺)=401.28 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.06 min.

EXAMPLE 126 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(1-(S)-benzyl-2-(S)-hydroxy-3-oxo-3-pyrrolidin-1-ylpropyl)amide

Pyrrolidine (7 μg, 0.084 mmol) was added to a solution of3-(S)-[(5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-2-(S)-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyricacid (EXAMPLE 124, 30 mg, 0.080 mmol), HOBt (14 mg, 0.091 mmol), DIPEA(31 μL, 0.18 mmol) and EDCI (18 mg, 0.094 mmol) in DMF (3 mL). Afterstirring for 12 h the mixture was added to diluted brine (100 mL,water/brine: 1/1). Extraction with ethyl acetate (4×25 mL), washing ofthe combined extracts with brine (50 mL) and drying (MgSO₄), gave, afterconcentration, a residue which was purified by preparative LCMS to givethe title compound as a colourless solid. m/z (ES⁺)=427.31 [M+H]⁺;RT=3.27 min.

EXAMPLE 127 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[1-(S)-benzyl-3-(3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-(S)-hydroxy-3-oxopropyl]amide

cis-3,4-Dihydroxypyrrolidine (Preparation 23, 9 mg, 0.087 mmol) wasadded to a solution of3-(S)-[(5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-2-(S)-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyricacid (EXAMPLE 124, 30 mg, 0.080 mmol), HOBt (14 mg, 0.091 mmol), DIPEA(31 μL, 0.18 mmol) and EDCI (18 mg, 0.094 mmol) in DMF (3 mL). Afterstirring for 12 h the mixture was added to diluted brine (100 mL,water/brine: 1/1). Extraction with ethyl acetate (4×25 mL), washing ofthe combined extracts with brine (50 mL) and drying (MgSO₄) gave, afterconcentration, a residue which was purified by preparative LCMS to givethe title compound as a colourless solid. m/z (ES⁺)=459.29 [M+H]⁺;RT=2.87 min.

EXAMPLE 128 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(1-(S)-benzyl-2-(R)-hydroxy-2-propylcarbamoylethyl)amide

n-Propylamine (16 μL, 0.19 mmol) was added to a solution of3-(S)-[(5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-2-(R)-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyricacid (EXAMPLE 44, 40 mg, 0.11 mmol), HOBt (16.4 mg, 0.11 mmol), DIPEA(41 μL, 0.24 mmol) and EDCI (25 mg, 0.13 mmol) in DMF (3 mL). Afterstirring for 72 h at room temperature the solvent was removed in vacuoand the remaining residue was purified by preparative LCMS to give thetitle compound as colourless solid. m/z (ES⁺)=415.34 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.10min.

EXAMPLES 129-147

The following compounds were prepared according to the method of EXAMPLE128 from3-(S)-[(5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)-amino]-2-(R)-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyricacid and the appropriate amine. Example Structure RT (min) m/z 129

2.87 373.26 130

2.89 417.31 131

3.09 417.32 132

3.23 401.29 133

3.03 413.33 134

3.20 427.34 135

3.22 441.37 136

3.19 413.32 137

3.65 449.34 138

3.09 427.30 139

3.12 443.33 140

2.87 443.33 141

3.41 441.32 142

2.91 457.30 143

3.21 471.40 144

2.63 456.39 145

2.57 442.37 146

3.06 443.35 147

3.16 484.37

EXAMPLES 148-174

The following compounds were prepared according to the procedureoutlined below from 5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(Preparation 18) and the appropriate amine.

To a solution of 5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(0.12 mmol, 1.5 eq) in 1:1.2 DMF/DCM (2 ml), HOBT (0.16 mmol, 2 eq) wasadded, followed by PS-carbodiimide (0.16 mmol, 2 eq). The reactionmixture was shaken for 15 min and a solution of amine (0.08 mmol, 1 eq)in DCM (0.5 ml) was added. The reaction mixture was shaken overnight.HOBT and unreacted starting material acid were scavenged withMP-Trisamine (0.36 mmol, 4.5 eq). MP-Trisamine was added to the reactionmixture and the mixture shaken for 5 h. The resin was filtered andwashed with a solution of 1:1 DMF/DCM (2×4 ml). The filtrate wasconcentrated to give the product amide. Example Structure RT (min) m/z(ES⁺) 148

2.47 456.2 [M + H]⁺ 149

3.51 411.3 [M + H]⁺ 150

2.57 426.3 [M + H]⁺ 151

2.53 456.3 [M + H]⁺ 152

3.26 454.4 [M + H]⁺ 153

2.94 401.3 [M + H]⁺ 154

3.11 441.2 [M + H]⁺ 155

2.97 454.4 [M + H]⁺ 156

2.9 454.4 [M + H]⁺ 157

3.04 441.4 [M + H]⁺ 158

2.99 427.3 [M + H]⁺ 159

3.42 409.3 [M + H]⁺ 160

3.7 411.3 [M + H]⁺ 161

3.17 413.3 [M + H]⁺ 162

3.15 461.3 [M + H]⁺ 163

3.12 427.3 [M + H]⁺ 164

3.34 415.3 [M + H]⁺ 165

3.45 441.3 [M + H]⁺ 166

3.06 427.4 [M + H]⁺ 167

3.14 383.3 [M + H]⁺ 168

3.17 454.3 [M + H]⁺ 169

2.94 426.3 [M + H]⁺ 170

3.37 429.4 [M + H]⁺ 171

3.57 397.3 [M + H]⁺ 172

3.39 314.2 [M + H]⁺ 173

3.7 334.2 [M + H]⁺ 174

3.24 369.3 [M + H]⁺

EXAMPLE 175 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo]2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[2-(4-benzyloxypiperidin-1-yl)-1-(S)-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-oxoethyl]amide

To 5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[1-(S)-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl]amide(EXAMPLE 5, 50 mg, 0.11 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (3 mL) under argon wasadded benzylbromide (16 μl, 0.13 mmol) followed by sodium hydride (6.3mg, 0.16 mmol) and the reaction stirred for 16 h. Solvent was removed invacuo and the residue partitioned between ethyl acetate (2×20 mL) andwater (20 mL). The organic fractions were washed with 1M HCl (20 mL),NaHCO₃ (2×20 mL) then brine (2×20 mL), dried (MgSO₄) and the solventremoved in vacuo. Crude material was purified by chromatography onsilica gel with dichloromethane/methanol (9:1) as the eluent to give thetitle compound as an off-white powder. m/z (ES⁺)=535.33 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.44min.

EXAMPLE 1761-[2-(S)-[5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propionyl]piperidine-4-carboxylicacid

To a solution of1-[2-(S)-[5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propionyl]piperidine-4-carboxylicacid methyl ester (EXAMPLE 239, 48 mg, 0.1 mmol) in THF (2.0 mL) wasadded 1M sodium hydroxide solution (0.11 mL, 0.11 mmol) and the reactionstirred at rt for 3 h. Solvent was removed in vacuo and the crudematerial partitioned between diethyl ether (20 mL) and water (2×20 mL).The aqueous layers were combined and acidified to pH2 with 2M HCl, andorganics were extracted into ethyl acetate (2×20 mL). Organic layerswere combined and washed with brine (2×15 mL), dried (MgSO₄) and solventremoved in vacuo. The crude material was crystallised from ethylacetate/petroleum ether to give the title compound as a white powder.m/z (ES⁺)=473.30 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.20 min.

EXAMPLES 177 AND 178 WERE PREPARED IN A SIMILAR WAY TO EXAMPLE 176

EXAMPLE Amine m/z RT (min) 177

473.29 3.26 178

473.3 3.33

EXAMPLE 179 Acetic acid1-[2-(S)-[5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propionyl]piperidin4-ylester

The title compound was prepared from5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[1-(S)-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-(4-hydroxypiperidin 1-yl)-2-oxoethyl] amide(EXAMPLE 5). To a solution of the starting amide (50 mg, 0.14 mmol) inanhydrous pyridine (2 mL) under argon was added acetic anhydride (1 mL)and the reaction stirred at rt over 4 h. Solvent was removed in vacuoand the crude material dissolved in ethyl acetate (30 mL). Organics werewashed with 1M HCl (2×15 mL), water (15 mL) then brine (2×15 mL), dried(MgSO₄) and solvent removed in vacuo. The residue was purified bychromatography with dichloromethane/methanol (99:1) as the eluent togive the title compound as a white powder. m/z (ES⁺)=487.26 [M+H]⁺;RT=3.38 min.

EXAMPLE 180 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-cpydridine-2-carboxylic acid[2-(4-aminopiperidin-1-yl-1-(S)-(4-fluorobenzl)-2-oxoethyl]amide

To a suspension of{1-[2-(S)-[(5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propionyl]piperidin-4-yl}carbamicacid tert-butyl ester (EXAMPLE 230, 500 mg, 0.92 mmol) in methanol (12mL) was added a solution of 4M HCl in dioxane (0.69 mL, 2.76 mmol) andthe reaction stirred for 48 h. The resulting precipitate was filteredand washed with ethyl acetate to give the title compound as thehydrochloride salt as a pale yellow powder. m/z (ES⁺)=444.16 [M+H]⁺;RT=2.65 min. The product was dissolved in saturated sodium bicarbonatesolution. Solvent was removed in vacuo and the crude material dissolvedin THF (30 mL). The solution was filtered through celite and solventremoved in vacuo to give the title compound as a yellow powder. m/z(ES⁺)=444.32 [M+H]⁺; RT=2.59 min.

EXAMPLES 181-189 WERE PREPARED ACCORDING TO EXAMPLE 180 FROM THEAPPROPRIATE BOC-PROTECTED AMINE

EXAMPLE Structure m/z RT (min) 181

458.3 2.66 182

430.35 2.66 183

430.39 2.62 184

430.34 2.73 185

430.38 2.69 186

444.37 2.65 187

444.41 2.59 188

444.37 2.84 189

444.4 2.78

EXAMPLE 190 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[2-(4-diacetylaminopiperidin-1-yl)-1-(S)-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-oxoethyl]amide

Prepared from 5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[2-(4-aminopiperidin-1-yl)-1-(S)-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-oxoethyl]amide(EXAMPLE 180). The compound was synthesised according to EXAMPLE 179 andpurified by preparative HPLC to give the title compound as a whitepowder. m/z (ES⁺)=486.28 [M−CH₃CO₂H+NH₄]⁺; RT=3.18 min.

EXAMPLE 191 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[1-(S)-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-(4-methylaminopiperidin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl]amide

To a solution of 5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(1-(S)-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-{4-[methyl-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}-2-oxoethyl)amide(Preparation 76, 82 mg, 0.13 mmol) in acetonitrile (6 mL) was addedphenylthiol (145 μL, 1.4 mmol) followed by potassium carbonate (230 mg,1.66 mmol) and the reaction heated to 50° C. for 24 h. To the mixturewas added diethyl ether (10 mL) and 1M HCl (15 mL) and stirred for 5min. The organic layer was separated and washed with 1M HCl (15 mL)before combining the aqueous layers. The solution was basified to pH9with solid potassium carbonate and extracted with ethyl acetate (2×20mL). Organic layers were combined, washed with brine (2×20 mL) and dried(MgSO₄). Removal of the solvent in vacuo provided the desired product asan off-white powder. m/z (ES⁺)=458.40 [M+H]⁺; RT=2.67 min. A smallportion of the product (10 mg) was dissolved in methanol (2 mL) and 1MHCl added to bring the solution to pH 1-2. After stirring for 20 min thesolvent was removed in vacuo to give the title compound as thehydrochloride salt as a yellow powder. m/z (ES⁺)=458.38 [M+H]⁺; RT=2.64min.

EXAMPLE 192 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[1-(S)-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-(4-methylaminomethylpiperidin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl]amide

Prepared according to EXAMPLE 191 from5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[1-(S)-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-(4-{[methyl-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)amino]methyl}piperidin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl]amide(synthesised according to Preparations 73-76 from the4-aminomethylpiperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester startingmaterial). m/z (ES⁺) free base=472.33 [M+H]⁺; RT=2.80 min. m/z (ES⁺) HClsalt=430.43 [M+H]⁺; RT=2.72 min.

EXAMPLE 193 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[1-(S)-benzyl-2-(3-(R)-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl]amide

Prepared according to EXAMPLE 35, using 3-(R)-hydroxypyrrolidine inplace of 3-(S)-hydroxypyrrolidine. Purification via chromatography usingdichloromethane/methanol (95:5) as the eluent gave the title compound asan off-white powder. m/z (ES⁺)=413.22 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.13 min.

EXAMPLE 194 5Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[1-(S)-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-oxo-2-(4-trifluoromethylpiperidin-1-yl)ethyl]amide

To 4-trifluoromethyl piperidine (17 mg, 0.11 mmol) was added a solutionof2-(S)-[(5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propionicacid (EXAMPLE 228, 40 mg, 0.11 mmol) in DMF (400 μL) followed by asolution of HATU (50 mg, 0.13 mmol) in DMF (400 μL) and finally asolution of DIPEA (23 μL, 0.13 mmol) in DMF (200 μL). The resultingmixture was stirred at rt for 96 h then solvent was removed in vacuo.The crude material was purified by crystallisation from THF/petroleumether to give the title compound as a yellow powder. (ES⁺)=497.23[M+H]⁺; RT=3.50 min.

EXAMPLES 195-225 WERE PREPARED IN THE SAME WAY AS EXAMPLE 194

EXAMPLE Amine Purification m/z RT (min) 195

Crystallisation (THF/PE) 501.26 3.43 196

MDP 459.3 3.13 197

MDP 512.37 2.77 198

MDP 471.3 3.24 199

MDP 447.27 3.37 200

MDP 472.3 3.03 201

MDP 473.32 3.09 202

MDP 472.29 3.08 203

MDP 528.38 3.3 204

MDP 472.3 3.09 205

MDP 501.32 3.55 206

MDP 487.3 3.57 207

MDP 488.34 2.75 208

MDP 488.4 2.59 209

MDP 502.38 2.77 210

MDP 527.37 2.47 211

MDP 486.29 3.09 212

MDP 460.4 2.65 213

MDP 458.36 3.18 214

MDP 530.45 3.52 215

MDP 530.45 3.46 216

MDP 498.4 3.23 217

MDP 544.48 3.61 218

MDP 458.35 3 219

MDP 544.46 3.61 220

Chromatography (DCM/MeoH 98:2) 473.33 3.48 221

Chromatography (DCM/MeoH 98:2) 502.38 3.43 222

Trituration (EtOAc) 530.39 3.65 223

Trituration (EtOAc) 458.32 2.8 224

Prep HPLC 488.35 2.63 225

Crystallisation (MeOH) 501.4 2.62

EXAMPLE 226 5Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[1-(S)-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-oxo-2-piperazin-1-ylethyl]amide

Prepared according to EXAMPLE 180 from4-[2-(S)-[5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propionyl]piperazine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (prepared according to EXAMPLE 222). Purificationgave the title compound as a yellow powder. m/z (ES⁺)=430.34 [M+H]⁺;RT=2.56 min.

EXAMPLE 2272-(S)-[(5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propionicacid ethyl ester

Prepared according to EXAMPLE 41 using p-fluoro-L-phenylalanine ethylester hydrochloride instead of L-phenylalanine ethyl esterhydrochloride. Chromatography gave the title compound as a yellowpowder. m/z (ES⁺)=390.27 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.71 min.

EXAMPLE 228 2-(S)-[(5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propionicacid

The title compound was prepared according to EXAMPLE 42 using2-(S)-[(5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propionicacid ethyl ester (EXAMPLE 227). Solvent was removed in vacuo and theresidue taken into water. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethylacetate (3×) then acidified with 2M HCl solution to pH 2. Theprecipitate was filtered and washed thoroughly with water to give thetitle compound as a cream-coloured powder. (ES⁺)=362.24 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.21min.

EXAMPLE 229 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[2-(1,4-dioxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]dec-8-yl)-1-(S)-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-oxoethyl]amide

To a solution of2-(S)-[(5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propionicacid (EXAMPLE 228, 40 mg, 0.11 mmol) in DMF (4 mL) was added HATU (50mg, 0.13 mmol) and the reaction stirred for 10 min. 4-Piperidoneethylene ketal (19 mg, 0.13 mmol) was added, followed by DIPEA (23 μL,0.13 mmol) and the reaction stirred at rt for 16 h. Solvent was removedin vacuo and the crude material partitioned between ethyl acetate (15mL) and water (15 mL). The organic layer was washed with 1M HCl solution(15 mL), sodium bicarbonate solution (2×20 mL) then brine (2×20 mL),dried (MgSO₄) and the solvent removed in vacuo. Purification bychromatography using dichloromethane/methanol (9:1) as the eluent gavethe title compound as a pale yellow powder. (ES⁺)=487.30 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.28min.

EXAMPLES 230-237 WERE PREPARED IN A SIMILAR WAY TO EXAMPLE 229

EXAMPLE Amine Purification m/z RT (min) 230

Chromatography (DCM/MeOH 9:1) 544.45 5.39 231

Chromatography (DCM/MeOH 9:1) 558.22 3.67 232

Chromatography (DCM/MeOH 9:1) 514.28 2.67 233

Chromatography (DCM/MeOH 9:1) 488.38 2.69 234

Chromatography (DCM/MeOH 9:1) 445.28 3.17 235

Chromatography (EtOAc/PE 3:1) 427.35 3.5 236

prep. HPLC 459.4 3.2 237

Chromatography (EtOAc) 413.2 3.31

EXAMPLE 238 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[2-(1,1-dioxo-1,6-thiomorpholin-4-yl)-1-(S)-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-oxoethyl]amide

Prepared according to EXAMPLE 229 from2-(S)-[(5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propionicacid (EXAMPLE 228) and thiomorpholine-1,1-dioxide (Preparation 77).Purification by trituration with methanol gave the title compound as apale yellow powder. (ES⁺)=479.24 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.17 min.

EXAMPLE 2391-[2-(S)-[(5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propionly]piperidine-4-carboxylicacid methyl ester

Prepared according to EXAMPLE 229 from2-(S)-[(5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propionicacid (EXAMPLE 228) and piperidine-4-carboxylic acid methyl esterhydrochloride (Preparation 78). Purification by chromatography usingethyl acetate/petroleum ether (70:30) as the eluent gave the titlecompound as a pale yellow powder. m/z (ES⁺)=487.32 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.44 min.

EXAMPLE 240 WAS PREPARED IN A SIMILAR WAY TO EXAMPLE 239

m/z (ES⁺)=487.35 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.88 min.

EXAMPLE 241 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[1-(S)-benzyl-2-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl]amide

The title compound was prepared according to EXAMPLE 229 using2-(S)-[(5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-phenylpropionicacid (EXAMPLE 42) and 4-hydroxypiperidine. Purification bychromatography using dichloromethane/methanol (9:1) as the eluent gavethe title compound as an orange powder. m/z (ES⁺)=427.35 [M+H]⁺; RT=2.99min.

EXAMPLE 242 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2.3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[2-(2-carbamoylpiperidin-1-yl)-1-(S)-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-oxoethyl]amide

To a solution of piperidine-2-carboxylic acid amide hydrochloride(Preparation 80, 24 mg, 0.17 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was added2-(S)-[(5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propionicacid (EXAMPLE 230, 52 mg, 0.14 mmol), followed by HATU (65.6 mg, 0.17mmol) and DIPEA (63 μL, 0.36 mmol), and the reaction stirred at rt for16 h. Solvent was removed in vacuo, purification via preparative HPLCgave the title compound as an off-white powder. m/z (ES⁺)=472.31 [M+H]⁺;RT=3.19 min.

EXAMPLE 243 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid{1-(S)-(4-fluorobenzl)-2-[4-(2-methoxyethoxy)piperidin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl}amide

The title compound was prepared according to EXAMPLE 229 from2-(S)-[(5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propionicacid (EXAMPLE 228) and 4-(2-methoxyethoxy)piperidine hydrochloride(Preparation 82). Purification by chromatography usingdichloromethane/methanol (95:5) as the eluent gave the title compound asan off-white powder. m/z (ES⁺)=503.26 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.31 min.

EXAMPLE 244 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid{1-(S)-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-[4-(3-methoxypropoxy)piperidin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl}amide

The title compound was prepared according to EXAMPLE 229 using4-(3-methoxypropoxy)piperidine hydrochloride, synthesised from theappropriate starting materials (Preparations 81 and 82). Purification bychromatography using dichloromethane/methanol (9:1) as the eluent gavethe title compound as an off-white powder. m/z (ES⁺)=517.36 [M+H]⁺;RT=3.41 min.

EXAMPLE 245 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2.3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[2-(4-acetylaminopiperidin-1-yl)-1-(S)-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-oxoethyl]amide

To a solution of acetic acid (7.5 μL, 0.13 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was addedEDCI (33 mg, 0.17 mmol), HOBt (19.5 mg, 0.14 mmol),5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[2-(4-aminopiperidin-1-yl)-1-(S)-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-oxoethyl]amide(EXAMPLE 180, 70 mg, 0.16 mmol) and DIPEA (57 μL, 0.33 mmol), and thereaction stirred at rt for 16 h. Solvent was removed in vacuo then crudematerial partitioned between ethyl acetate (15 mL) and water (15 mL).The organic layer was washed with NaHCO₃ (2×20 mL) and brine (2×30 mL),dried (MgSO₄) and the solvent removed in vacuo. Purification bychromatography using dichloromethane/methanol (95:5) as the eluent gavethe title compound as an off-white powder. m/z (ES⁺)=486.27 [M+H]⁺;RT=3.16 min.

EXAMPLE 246 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[2-[4-(acetylaminomethylpiperidin-1-yl]-1-(S)-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-oxoethyl]amide

The title compound was prepared from5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[2-(4-aminomethylpiperidin-1-yl)-1-(S)-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-oxyethyl]amide(EXAMPLE 229 then 180 from the appropriate piperidin-4-ylmethylcarbamicacid tert-butyl ester). Purification by preparative HPLC gave the titlecompound as a white powder. m/z (ES⁺)=500.38 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.14 min.

EXAMPLE 247 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[1-(R)-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl]amide

The title compound was prepared according to EXAMPLE 1 from5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (Preparation 18)and 2-(R)-amino-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)propan-1-one hydrochloride (Preparation 84). Purification bychromatography using dichloromethane/methanol (92:8) as the eluent gavethe title compound as a pale yellow powder. m/z (ES⁺)=445.34 [M+H]⁺;RT=3.10 min.

EXAMPLE 2484-{[2-(S)-[(5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propionyl]methylamino}piperidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester

The title compound was prepared according to EXAMPLE 229 from2-(S)-[(5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-propionicacid (EXAMPLE 228) and 4-methylaminopiperidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (Preparation 86). Purification by chromatography usingdichloromethane/methanol (95:5) as the eluent gave the title compound asa pale yellow powder. m/z (ES⁺)=558.48 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.82 min.

EXAMPLE 249 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[2-(S)-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(methylpiperidin-4-yl carbamoyl)ethyl]amide

The title compound was prepared according to Preparation 82, from4-{[2-(S)-[(5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propionyl]methylamino}piperidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (EXAMPLE 248), to give the title compound as thehydrochloride salt as a yellow crystalline solid. m/z (ES⁺)=458.30[M+H]⁺; RT=2.86 min. The product was dissolved in saturated sodiumbicarbonate solution and extracted into ethyl acetate. Organic solventwas removed in vacuo to give the title compound as the free base as ayellow powder. m/z (ES⁺)=458.33 [M+H]⁺; RT=2.82 min.

EXAMPLE 250 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid{2-(S)-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-[methyl(tetrahydropyran-4-yl)carbamoyl]ethyl}amide

The title compound was prepared according to EXAMPLE 229 from2-(S)-[(5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propionicacid (EXAMPLE 228) and methyl(tetrahydropyran-4-yl) amine hydrochloride(Preparation 88). m/z (ES⁺)=459.27 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.41 min.

EXAMPLE 251 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[2-(4-dimethylaminopiperidin-1-yl)-1-(S)-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-oxoethyl]amide

The title compound was prepared according to EXAMPLE 35 from2-(S)-[(5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propionicacid (EXAMPLE 228) and dimethylpiperidin-4-yl amine (Preparation 90).Purification by preparative HPLC gave the title compound as a yellowcrystalline solid. m/z (ES⁺)=472.34 [M+H]⁺; RT=2.64 min.

EXAMPLE 252 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[1-(S)-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-(4-methanesulfonylaminopiperidin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl]amide

The title compound was prepared according to EXAMPLE 229 from2-(S)-[(5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propionicacid (EXAMPLE 228) and N-piperidin-4-yl methanesulfonamide hydrochloride(Preparation 92). Purification gave the title compound as an off-whitepowder. m/z (ES⁺)=522.30 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.29 min.

EXAMPLE 2532-(S)-[(5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)-amino]-3-pyridin-4yl-propionicacid methyl ester

To a solution of 5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(Preparation 18, 185 mg, 0.94 mmol) in DMF (7 mL) was added2-(S)-amino-3-pyridin-4-yl propionic acid methyl ester hydrochloride(Preparation 93, 204 mg, 0.94 mmol) followed by TBTU (333 mg, 1.04 mmol)and DIPEA (740 μL, 4.24 mmol), and the reaction stirred at rt for 16 h.Solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue partitioned between ethylacetate (30 mL) and water (30 mL). The organic layer was washed withwater (2×30 mL), NaHCO₃ solution (3×40 mL) then brine (3×50 mL), dried(MgSO₄) and the solvent removed in vacuo. Purification by chromatography(SiO₂, EtOAc) gave the title compound as a pink powder. m/z (ES⁺)=359.11[M+H]⁺; RT=2.42 min.

EXAMPLE 254 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(1-dimethylcarbamoyl-2-(S)-pyridin-4-yl-ethyl)amide

The title compound was prepared according to EXAMPLE 253 from2-(S)-[(5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-pyridin-4-yl-propionicacid (EXAMPLE 259) and dimethylamine hydrochloride. Purification bypreparative HPLC gave the title compound as an off-white powder. m/z(ES⁺)=372.13 [M+H]⁺; RT=2.31 min.

EXAMPLE 255 WAS PREPARED IN A SIMILAR WAY TO EXAMPLE 254

m/z (ES⁺)=398.15 [M+H]⁺; RT=2.53 min.

EXAMPLE 256 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[2-(1,4-dioxa-7-aza-spiro[4.5]dec-7-yl)-1-(S)-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-oxoethyl]amide

To a suspension of2-(S)-[(5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propionicacid (EXAMPLE 228, 80 mg, 0.22 mmol) in ethanol (6 mL) was added DMTMM(78 mg, 0.27 mmol) and the reaction stirred for 5 min. To the mixturewas added 1,4-dioxa-7-aza-spiro[4.5]decane (Preparation 94, 35 mg, 0.24mmol) and stirring continued for 16 h. Solvent was removed in vacuo andthe crude material partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. Theorganic layer was washed with NaHCO₃ solution (2×20 mL) then brine (2×20mL), dried (MgSO₄) and the solvent removed in vacuo. Purification bychromatography using dichloromethane/methanol (95:5) as the eluent gavethe title compound as a pale yellow powder. m/z (ES⁺)=487.21 [M+H]⁺;RT=3.50 min.

EXAMPLE 257 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[2-(3R,4R)dihydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-(S)-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-oxoethyl]amide

The title compound was prepared according to EXAMPLE 229 using(3R,4R)-dihydroxypyrrolidine (prepared according to Preparation 23 fromthe commercially available benzyl derivative). Additionalcrystallisation from methanol gave the title compound as colourlesscrystals. m/z (ES⁺)=447.33 [M+H]⁺; RT=2.99 min.

EXAMPLE 258 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[2-(3-(S)-4-(S)dihydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-(S)-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-oxoethyl]amide

The title compound was prepared according to EXAMPLE 229 using3-(S)-4-(S)-dihydroxypyrrolidine (prepared according to Preparation 23).Additional crystallisation from methanol gave the title compound ascolourless crystals. m/z (ES⁺)=447.33 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.07 min.

EXAMPLE 2592-(S)-[(5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-pyridin-4-yl-propionicacid

The title compound was prepared according to EXAMPLE 42 from2-(S)-[(5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-pyridin-4-yl-propionicacid methyl ester (EXAMPLE 253). m/z (ES⁺)=345.09 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 260 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(1-(S)-benzyl-2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)amide

To a solution of 5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[2-phenyl-1-(S)-(2-phenyl-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl)ethyl]amide (Preparation96, 47 mg, 0.105 mmol) in acetone (20 mL) was added aqueous hydrochloricacid (1 mL, 1M). After stirring under reflux for 3 days the solvent wasremoved in vacuo. The residue was distributed between ethyl acetate (100mL) and saturated sodium carbonate solution (50 mL). After separationthe organic layer was washed with brine (50 ml), dried (MgSO₄) andconcentrated to a residue which was purified by flash chromatography onsilica gel (eluent: hexane/ethyl acetate: 50/50) to give the titlecompound as colourless solid. m/z (ES⁺)=404.21 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.58 min.

EXAMPLE 261 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(2-hydroxy-2-pyridin-3-yl-ethyl)amide

To a solution of 5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(Preparation 18, 296 mg, 1.51 mmol) and 2-amino-1-pyridin-3-ylethanol(Preparation 98, 214 mg, 1.55 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was added HOBt (225mg, 1.47 mmol), DIPEA (0.55 mL, 3.16 mmol) and EDCI (340 mg, 1.77 mmol).After stirring at rt for 12 h the solvent was removed in vacuo and theresidue then taken up in THF (150 mL) and washed with diluted sodiumhydroxide solution (1M, 50 mL) and brine (2×50 mL). The solution wasdried (MgSO₄) and concentrated to an oil that was further purified byflash chromatography on silica gel (eluent: DCM/methanol: 90/10+0.5%triethylamine) to give the title compound as off-white solid. δ_(H) (d₆DMSO): 3.53 (2H, m), 4.85 (1H, m), 5.75 (1H, d), 7.15 (1H, s), 7.37 (1H,dd), 7.75 (2H, m), 8.47 (1H, m), 8.57 (1H, s), 8.89 (1H, appt), 12.24(1H, s); m/z (ES⁺)=317.17 [M+H]⁺; RT=2.71 min.

EXAMPLE 262 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(2-(S)-hydroxy-1-(S)-methoxymethyl-2-phenylethyl)amide

To a solution of 5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(Preparation 18, 223 mg, 1.13 mmol) and commercially available(1S,2S)-(+)-2-amino-3-methoxy-1-phenyl-1-propanol (200 mg, 1.10 mmol) inDMF (5 mL) was added HOBt (173 mg, 1.13 mmol), DIPEA (0.42 mL, 2.41mmol) and EDCI (260 mg, 1.36 mmol). After stirring at rt for 12 h themixture was added to diluted brine (100 mL, water/brine: 1/1).Extraction with ethyl acetate (4×25 mL), washing of the combinedextracts with diluted hydrochloric acid (1M, 30 ml), diluted aqueoussodium hydroxide solution (1M, 30 ml) and brine (30 mL) followed bydrying over magnesium sulphate gave after concentration a residue whichwas purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (eluent: ethylacetate). The title compound was obtained as colourless solid. δ_(H)(CD₃OD): 3.37 (3H, s), 3.34 (1H, dd), 3.66 (1H, dd), 4.53 (1H, ddd),5.03 (1H, d), 7.15 (1H, s), 7.25-7.45 (5H, 3m), 7.68 (1H, s), 8.58 (1H,s); m/z (ES⁺)=360.22 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.12 min.

EXAMPLE 263 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(1-(S)-hydroxymethyl-2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)amide

To a solution of 5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[1-(S) -(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxymethyl)-2-oxo-2-phenylethyl]amide(Preparation 101, 220 mg, 0.48 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added aceticacid (60 μL) and tetrabutylammonium fluoride solution (1 ml, 1M in THF)at rt. After stirring for 3 h the reaction mixture was distributedbetween ethyl acetate (100 mL) and water (30 mL). The organic layer wasseparated, then washed with brine (50 ml), dried (MgSO₄) andconcentrated to a solid residue. Recrystallisation from THF gave thetitle compound. m/z (ES⁺)=344.21 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.02 min.

EXAMPLE 264 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(1-(S)-methoxymethyl-2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)amide

5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(2-(S)-hydroxy-1-(S)-methoxymethyl-2-phenylethyl)amide (EXAMPLE 262, 101mg, 0.281 mmol) was oxidised and isolated in a similar way toPreparation 101 using Dess-Martin periodinane (240 mg, 0.566 mmol) inDCM (10 mL). The title compound was obtained by recrystallisation of thecrude product from methanol. m/z (ES⁺)=358.24 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.18 min.

EXAMPLE 265 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(2-oxo-2-pyridin-3-ylethyl)amide

To a solution of racemic 5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylicacid (2-hydroxy-2-pyridin-3-ylethyl)amide (EXAMPLE 261, 80 mg, 0.253mmol) in dry THF (20 mL) was added Dess-Martin periodinane (307 mg,0.724 mmol). After stirring for 4 h at rt alkaline sodium thiosulfatesolution was added (5.4 g Na₂SO₃ dissolved in 20 mL saturated NaHCO₃solution) and the emulsion was vigorously stirred for additional 30 minbefore further diluted with water (˜150 mL). Extraction with THF (4×50mL), washing of the combined extracts with saturated sodium hydrogencarbonate (50 mL) and brine (50 mL) gave a solution which wasconcentrated after drying (MgSO₄). Purification of the residue by flashchromatography on silica gel (eluent: DCM/methanol: 90/10) gave thetitle compound as off-white solid. m/z (ES⁺)=315.19 [M+H]⁺; RT=2.65 min.

EXAMPLE 266 6-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(1-dimethylcarbamoyl-2-(S)-phenethyl)amide

DIPEA (155 μL, 0.89 mmol), HOBt (43 mg, 0.28 mmol) and6-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (Preparation 110, 50mg, 0.25 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of2-(S)-amino-N,N-dimethyl-3-phenyl propionamide hydrochloride(Preparation 8, 61 mg, 0.27 mmol) in DMF (4 mL). After 5 min EDCI (63mg, 0.33 mmol) was added and the reaction stirred for 22 h. Purificationby column chromatography (SiO₂, 95:5 CH₂Cl₂/MeOH) afforded the titlecompound. m/z (ES⁺)=370.93 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.62 min.

EXAMPLE 267 6-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[1-(S)-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-(3-(S)-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl]amide

The title compound was prepared according to EXAMPLE 266 but using2-(S)-amino-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(3-(S)-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-propan-1-onehydrochloride (Preparation 103) instead of2-(S)-amino-N,N-dimethyl-3-phenyl propionamide hydrochloride. m/z(ES⁺)=430.94 [M+H]⁺; RT=4.31 min.

EXAMPLE 268 6-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[1-(S)-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl]amide

The title compound was prepared according to EXAMPLE 266 but using2-(S)-amino-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)-propan-1-onehydrochloride (Preparation 20) instead of2-(S)-amino-N,N-dimethyl-3-phenyl propionamide hydrochloride.Purification by column chromatography (SiO₂, 9:1 CH₂Cl₂/MeOH) gave thetitle compound. m/z (ES⁺)=444.91 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.55 min.

EXAMPLE 269 6-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[1-(S)-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-oxo-2-(5-oxo-[1,4]diazepam-1-yl)ethyl]amide

The title compound was prepared according to EXAMPLE 266 but using1-[2-(S)-amino-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propionyl]-[1,4]diazepan-5-onehydrochloride (Preparation 112) instead of2-(S)-amino-N,N-dimethyl-3-phenyl propionamide hydrochloride.Purification by column chromatography (SiO₂, 94:6 CH₂Cl₂/MeOH) gave thetitle compound. m/z (ES⁺)=457.91 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.74 min.

EXAMPLE 270 6-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(2-oxo-2 phenethyl)amide

To a solution of 6-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(Preparation 110, 60 mg, 0.31 mmol) in ethanol (5 mL) was added2-aminoacetophenone hydrochloride (58 mg, 0.34 mmol), N-methylmorpholine(74 μL, 0.67 mmol) and DMTMM (198 mg, 0.67 mmol) and the reactionstirred at rt for 16 h. Solvent was removed in vacuo and the resultingresidue partitioned between ethyl acetate (20 mL) and water (20 mL).Organics were washed with 1M HCl (20 mL), water (20 mL), NaHCO₃ solution(2×20 mL) then brine (20 mL) before being dried (MgSO₄) and solventconcentrated in vacuo. Purification by column chromatography (SiO₂, 2:1Pet. Ether/EtOAc then 97:3 CH₂Cl₂/MeOH) gave the title compound.

EXAMPLE 2712-(S)-[(6-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propionic acid ethyl ester

To a solution of 6-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(Preparation 110, 450 mg, 2.29 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) was added 4-fluorophenylalanine ethyl ester hydrochloride (624 mg, 2.52 mmol), DIPEA (1.40mL, 8.01 mmol) and HOBt. (386 mg, 2.52 mmol) and the reaction stirred.After 5 min EDCI (570 mg, 2.98 mmol) was added and stirring continuedfor 16 hr. Solvent was removed in vacuo then crude material partitionedbetween ethyl acetate (75 mL) and water (50 mL). Organics were washedwith NaHCO₃ solution (3×50 mL) then brine (2×50 mL), dried (MgSO₄) andTHE solvent removed in vacuo to give the title compound. m/z(ES⁺)=389.90 [M+H]⁺; RT 3.79 min.

EXAMPLE 2722-(S)-[(6-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carbonyl)aminol-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propionicacid

To a solution of2-[(6-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propionicacid ethyl ester (EXAMPLE 271, 780 mg, 2.0 mmol) in methanol (15 mL) wasadded 2M NaOH (2 mL, 4.0 mmol) and the reaction was stirred for 16 hr.Solvent was removed in vacuo and crude residue dissolved in water (20mL). The aqueous phase was washed with ethyl acetate (2×20 mL), thenacidified to Ph 3 with 2M HCl. The organics were extracted into ethylacetate (2×30 mL), and then dried (MgSO₄) before concentrating thesolvent in vacuo to provide the title compound. m/z (ES⁺)=361.88 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 273 6-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[1-(S)-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-oxo-2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-ethyl]amide

To pyrrolidine (11.5 mg, 0.14 mmol) was added a solution of DIPEA (60μL, 0.35 mmol) in DMF (500 μL) followed by2-(S)-[(6-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propionic acid (EXAMPLE 272, 50 mg, 0.14 mmol) in DMF (500 μL) and HOBt(23 mg, 0.15 mmol) in DMF (500 μL) and the mixture stirred. After 5 minEDCI (34.5 mg, 0.18 mmol) in DMF (500 μL) was added and the reactionstirred for 16 hr. Solvent was removed in vacuo then crude materialpurified by mass-directed purification to give the title compound. m/z(ES⁺)=414.93 [m+H]⁺; RT=3.77 min.

EXAMPLES 274-276 WERE PREPARED IN THE SAME WAY

Example Structure m/z RT (min) 274

430.92 3.46 275

471.92 3.51 276

432.92 3.79

EXAMPLES 277-280 WERE PREPARED IN THE SAME WAY, BUT PURIFICATION WAS BYTRITURATION FROM METHANOL

Example Structure m/z RT (min) 277

428.95 5.06 278

430.93 3.65 279

446.9 3.9 280

443.92 3.05

EXAMPLE 2812-(S)-[(5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-propionicacid tert-butyl ester

To a solution of 5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(Preparation 57, 500 mg, 2.54 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) was added2-(S)-amino-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propionic acid tert-butyl esterhydrochloride (Preparation 114, 701 mg, 2.54 mmol), HOBt (344 mg, 2.54mmol) and DIPEA (1.4 mL, 7.88 mmol). After 5 min, EDCI (634 mg, 3.31mmol) was added and the reaction mixture stirred at rt for 72 h. Thesolvent was removed in vacuo and the solid partitioned between water (50mL) and ethyl acetate (3×40 mL). The combined organic phase was washedwith brine (20 mL), dried (MgSO₄), concentrated in vacuo and purified bychromatography on silica gel eluting with methanol:dichloromethane(1:99) to give the title compound. δ_(H) (CD₃OD): 1.42 (9H, s), 3.09(1H, dd), 3.22 (1H, dd), 4.76 (1H, m), 6.98 (2H, m), 7.07 (11H, s), 7.27(2H, m), 8.06 (1H, d), 8.28 (1H, d); m/z (ES⁺)=418 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 2822-(S)-[(5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-propionicacid

Trifluoroacetic acid (1.9 mL, 24.3 mmol) was added to a suspension of2-(S)-[(5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-propionicacid tert-butyl ester (EXAMPLE 281, 507 mg, 1.21 mmol) in DCM (25 mL)and the reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 16 h. Furthertrifluoroacetic acid (2 mL) was added and the reaction was stirred at rtfor 48 h. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the solid partitionedbetween 1N hydrochloric acid (50 mL) and ethyl acetate (3×30 mL). Thecombined organic fractions were washed with brine (20 mL), dried (MgSO₄)and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound. δ_(H) (CD₃OD):3.11 (1H, dd), 3.33 (1H, dd), 4.88 (1H, m), 6.97 (2H, m), 7.06 (1H, s),7.28 (2H, m), 8.08 (1H, d), 8.29 (1H, d); m/z (ES⁺)=362[M+H]^(+; RT=)3.67 min.

EXAMPLE 283 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[1-(S)-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-2-(3-hydroxy-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]-amide

To a solution of 5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(Preparation 57, 34 mg, 0.17 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added2-(S)-amino-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(3-(S)-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)propan-1-onehydrochloride (Preparation 103, 50 mg, 0.17 mmol), HOBt (23 mg, 0.17mmol) and DIPEA (94 μL, 0.54 mmol). After 5 min, EDCI (43 mg, 0.23 mmol)was added and the reaction stirred at rt for 16 h. The solvent wasremoved in vacuo and the residue partitioned between water (25 mL) andethyl acetate (3×20 mL). The combined organic layer was washed with 2Nsodium hydroxide solution (2×10 mL), brine (10 mL), dried (MgSO₄) andconcentrated in vacuo. Purification via chromatography on silica geleluting with methanol:dichloromethane (7:93) gave the title compound.m/z (ES⁺)=431 [M +H]⁺; RT=3.49 min.

EXAMPLE 284 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)amide

5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (Preparation 57, 50mg, 0.25 mmol), 2-aminoacetophenone hydrochloride (48 mg, 0.28 mmol) andDMTMM (85 mg, 0.31 mmol) were dissolved in THF (5 mL) and4-methylmorpholine (31 μL, 0.28 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirredat rt for 16 h. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residuepartitioned between water (20 mL) and EtOAc (3×20 mL). The combinedorganics were dried (MgSO₄), concentrated in vacuo and purified bychromatography on silica gel eluting with methanol:dichloromethane(1:19) to give the title compound. m/z (ES⁺)=314 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.47 min.

EXAMPLE 285 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[2-(S)-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(methoxymethylcarbamoyl)ethyl]amide

2-(S)-[(5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propionicacid (EXAMPLE 282, 300 mg, 0.08 mmol) and N,O-dimethylhydroxylaminehydrochloride (8 mg, 0.08 mmol) were dissolved in THF (5 mL) and4-methylmorpholine (9 μL, 0.08 mmol). To this was added DMTMM (28 mg,0.10 mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 16 h. Thesolvent was removed in vacuo and the residue partitioned between water(30 mL) and EtOAc (3×30 mL). The combined organics were washed with 2Nsodium hydroxide solution (2×20 ml), brine (20 ml), dried (MgSO₄) andconcentrated in vacuo. The crude residue was purified by chromatographyon silica gel eluting with methanol:dichloromethane (1:24) to give thetitle compound. m/z (ES⁺)=405 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.69 min.

EXAMPLE 286 5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[1-(S)-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-(3-hydroxy-pyrrolidin-1-yl-2-oxo-ethyl]-amide

To a solution of2-(S)-[(5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propionicacid (EXAMPLE 286, 30 mg, 0.08 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was added(R)-(+)-3-hydroxypyrrolidine (7.2 mg, 0.08 mmol), HOBt (11.2 mg, 0.08mmol) and DIPEA (30.3 μL, 0.17 mmol). After 5 min, EDCI (20.7 mg, 0.11mmol) was added and the reaction was stirred at rt for 16 h. The solventwas removed in vacuo and the residue partitioned between water (20 mL)and ethyl acetate (3×20 mL). The combined organic fractions were washedwith 2N sodium hydroxide solution (20 mL), brine (20 mL), dried (MgSO₄)and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was triturated frommethanol to give the title compound. m/z (ES⁺)=431 [M+H]+; RT=3.44 min.

EXAMPLES 287-294

The following compounds were prepared according to the method of EXAMPLE286 from2-(S)-[(5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propionicacid (EXAMPLE 282) and the appropriate amine, with the exception thatall compounds were purified by mass directed purification. Example NR¹R²m/z RT (min) 287

431 3.47 288

444 2.89 289

405 3.20 290

474 2.92 291

472 3.37 292

445 3.61 293

433 3.51 294

433 3.34

EXAMPLE 295 6-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(1-dimethylcarbamoyl-2-(S)-phenylethyl)amide

To a solution of 6-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(Preparation 116, 47 mg, 0.24 mmol) in DMF (5 mL, anhydrous) was added2-(S)-amino-N,N-dimethyl-3-phenylpropionamide hydrochloride (Preparation8, 56 mg, 0.25 mmol), DIPEA (131 μL, 0.75 mmol) and HOBt (40 mg, 0.26mmol) sequentially. The solution was stirred for 5 min prior to theaddition of EDCI (55 mg, 0.29 mmol) in one portion. The resultingsolution was stirred for 12 h at rt. The reaction mixture waspartitioned between ethyl acetate (50 mL) and water/brine (150 mL, 1:1).The layers were separated and the aqueous phase extracted with ethylacetate (3×50 mL), then the combined organics were washed with diluteHCl solution (1M, 50 mL), dilute NaOH solution (1M, 50 mL) and brine (50mL). The organic phase was dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated invacuo. Purification via flash column chromatography eluting withtoluene/acetone (3:1) gave the title compound. δ_(H) (CDCl₃): 2.88, 3.05(6H, 2s), 3.18, 3.28 (2H, 2 dd), 5.41 (2H, m), 7.02 (1H, s), 7.28-7.34(6H, m), 8.17 (1H, d), 8.68 (1H, s), 10.58 (1H, br s); m/z (ES⁺)=371.13[M+H]⁺; RT=3.28 min.

EXAMPLE 296 6-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo [3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[1-(S)-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl-2-oxoethyl]amide

The title compound was prepared as outlined in EXAMPLE 295 from6-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (Preparation 116)and2-(S)-amino-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)propan-1-onehydrochloride (Preparation 20). The product was purified bychromatography on silica gel eluting with methanol/dichloromethane(1:19) to give the title compound. δ_(H) (CD₃OD): 1.16-1.88 (4H, 3m),3.04-3.19 (4H, m), 3.69-4.16 (3H, 2m), 5.31 (1H, m), 7.00 (2H, m), 7.29(3H, m), 7.42 (1H, s), 8.67 (11H, s); m/z (ES⁺)=444.89[M+H]^(+; RT=)3.27 min.

EXAMPLE 297 6-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo [3.2-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[1-(S)-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-(3-(S)-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl]amide

The title compound was prepared as outlined in EXAMPLE 295 from6-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (Preparation 116)and2-(S)-amino-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(3-(S)-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)propan-1-onehydrochloride (Preparation 103). The crude product was recrystallisedfrom ethyl acetate to give the title compound. δ_(H) (CD₃OD): 1.77-1.98(2H, m), 3.08-3.88 (6H, 6m), 4.30, 4.42 (1H, 2m), 5.07, 5.09 (1H, 2m),7.00 (2H, m), 7.30 (3H, m), 7.43 (1H, m), 8.67 (1H, s); m/z (ES⁺)=430.90[M+H]⁺; RT=3.29 min.

EXAMPLE 298 5-Cyano-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)amide

To a solution of 5-cyano-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid(Preparation 62, 0.035 g, 0.19 mmol) in THF (15 mL) under argon wasadded 2-aminoacetophenone hydrochloride (0.036 g, 0.21 mmol),N-methylmorpholine (25 μM, 0.23 mmol) and DMTMM (0.072 g, 0.27 mmol).The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 16 h. The reaction mixturewas concentrated to dryness in vacuo. The residue was partitionedbetween ethyl acetate (100 mL) and water (50 mL). The organic phase wasseparated and the aqueous phase was further extracted with ethyl acetate(100 mL). The combined organic extract was washed with 1N NaOH (40 mL),saturated sodium chloride (40 mL), dried (MgSO₄), filtered andconcentrated in vacuo. Crude material was purified by chromatography inhexane/ethyl acetate (1:2) and recrystallised from methanol to give thetitle compound. m/z (ES⁺)=304 [M+H]⁺; RT=4.37.

EXAMPLE 299 2-[(5-Cyano-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3(S)-(4-fluorophenyl)propionic acid ethyl ester

To a solution of 2-amino-3-(S)-(4-fluorophenyl)propionic acid ethylester hydrochloride (0.530 g, 2.14 mmol) in DMF (15 mL) was added DIPEA(1.3 mL, 7.49 mmol), HOBt (0.290 g, 2.14 mmol),5-cyano-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (Preparation 62,0.400 g, 2.14 mmol) and EDCI (0.492 g, 2.57 mmol).

The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 16 h. Reaction mixture wasconcentrated in vacuo and the residue was partitioned between water (150mL) and ethyl acetate (200 mL). Organic phase was separated and theaqueous phase was further extracted with ethyl acetate (200 mL). Thecombined organic extracts were washed with saturated NaHCO₃ (75 mL),saturated sodium chloride (100 mL), dried (MgSO₄), filtered andconcentrated in vacuo to give the title compound. m/z (ES⁺)=381 [M+H]⁺;RT=4.79 min.

EXAMPLE 3002-[(5-Cyano-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)aminol-3-(S)-(4-fluorophenyl)propionicacid

To a solutionof2-[(5-cyano-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-(S)-(4-fluorophenyl)propionicacid ethyl ester (EXAMPLE 299, 0.800 g, 2.1 mmol) in methanol/water(2:1) was added 1N NaOH (4.2 mL, 4.2 mmol) and stirred at rt for 16 h.Reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to remove methanol. Water(150 mL) was added to the residue and washed with ethyl acetate (2×75ml). The aqueous phase was cooled in an ice bath and acidified to pH 4using 2N HCl. The precipitate formed was isolated and washed with waterand ether to give the title compound. m/z (ES⁺)=353 [M+H]⁺; RT=3.27 min.

EXAMPLE 301 5-Cyano-1H-pyrrolo[2.3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid[1-dimethylcarbamoyl-2-(S)-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]amide

To a solution of N-dimethylamine hydrochloride (0.006 g, 0.07 mmol) inDMF (6 mL) was added DIPEA (37 μL, 0.21 mmol), HOBt (0.009 g, 0.07mmol),2-[(5-cyano-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-(5)-(4-fluorophenyl)propionicacid (EXAMPLE 300, 0.025 g, 0.07 mmol) and EDCI (0.016 g, 0.084 mmol).The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 16 h then concentrated invacuo and the residue was partitioned between water (50 mL) and ethylacetate (100 mL). The organic phase was separated and the aqueous phasewas further extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL). The combined organicextracts were washed with saturated NaHCO₃ (50 mL), saturated sodiumchloride (75 mL), dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo togive the title compound. m/z (ES+)=380; RT=3.45.

EXAMPLES 302-307

The following compounds were prepared according to the method of EXAMPLE301 from2-[(5-cyano-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-(S)-(4-fluorophenyl)propionicacid (EXAMPLE 300) and the appropriate amine. Example Amine m/z RT (min)302

422 3.36 303

422 3.32 304

420 3.92 305

422 3.44 306

420 3.72 307

449 3.26In Vitro GP ActivityMaterials

α-D-Glucose-1-phosphate (disodium salt), Glycogen, D-Glucose, MalachiteGreen Hydrochloride, Ammonium Molybdate tetrahydrate, BSA, HEPES andrabbit muscle phosphorylase a (P1261) were purchased from Sigma. Allother reagents were analytical grade.

Method

Glycogen Phosphorylase Assay in vitro:

An assay for glycogen phosphorylase activity in the reverse directionwas developed based on the method described by Engers et al., Can. J.Biochem., 1970, 48, 746-754]. Rabbit muscle glycogen phosphorylase a(Sigma) was reconstituted at a stock concentration of 100 μg/mL in 25 mMTris/HCl. The pH was measured in a 96-well plate in a final volume of100 μL containing 50 mM Hepes pH 7.2, 7.5 mM glucose 0.5 mMglucose-1-phosphate and 1 mg/mL glycogen. After incubation at 3020 C.for 30 min, the inorganic phosphate released from glucose-1-phosphatewas measured by the addition of 150 μL of malachite green/molybdatesolution prepared as follows: 5 mL of 4.2% ammonium molybdate in 4N HCl,15 mL of 0.045% malachite green, 50 μL of Tween 20. Following a 30 minincubation at rt, the absorbance was measured at 620 nm. For IC₅₀determination, 10 μL of a serial dilution of compound (100 μM to 0.004μM) in DMSO was added to each reaction in duplicate with the equivalentconcentration of DMSO added to the control uninhibited reaction. Doseresponse curves were then obtained by plotting % inhibition versus log₁₀compound concentration. IC₅₀ is defined as the concentration of compoundachieving 50% inhibition under the assay conditions described.

The EXAMPLES have an IC₅₀ of <1 mM. For example, EXAMPLES 1-20, 22, 27,and 30-48 demonstrated efficacy by measuring values of IC₅₀ in the rangeof 62.8-0.07 μM. Examples 21, 23-26, 28, and 29 yielded IC₅₀ 100 μM orhigher. It is advantageous that the measured IC₅₀ be lower than 100 μM.It is still more advantageous for the IC₅₀ to be lower than 50 μM. It iseven more advantageous for the IC₅₀ to be lower than 5 μM. It is yetmore advantageous for the IC₅₀ to be lower than 0.5 μM.

1. A compound of Formula (I):

or a stereoisomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,wherein: one of X₁, X₂, X₃ and X₄ must be N and the others must be C; R¹and R^(1′) are each independently, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, C₀₋₄alkyl,C₁₋₄alkoxy, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, ethenyl, orethynyl; R² is C₀₋₄alkyl, COOR⁶, COR⁶, C₁₋₄alkoxyC₁₋₄alkyl-,hydroxyC₁₋₄alkyl-, cycloalkylC₀₋₄alkyl-, arylC₀₋₄alkyl-,hetarylC₀₋₄alkyl-, wherein any of the aryl or hetaryl rings areoptionally substituted with 1-2 independent halogen, cyano, C₁₋₄alkyl,C₁₋₄alkoxy, —N(C₀₋₄alkyl)(C₀₋₄alkyl), —SO₂C₁₋₄alkyl,—SO₂N(C₀₋₄alkyl)(C₀₋₄alkyl), hydroxy, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, ortrifluoromethyl substituents; Y is C₀₋₂alkyl or —CH(OH)—; Z is CH₂,—C(O)—, —O—, >N(C₀₋₄alkyl), >N(C₃₋₆cycloalkyl), or absent; but when Y is—CH(OH)—, Z or R³ must be bonded to Y through a carbon-carbon bond; R³is hydrogen, —COOC₀₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy, C₁₋₄alkyl, arylC₁₋₄alkylthio-,—C₀₋₄alkylaryl, —C₀₋₄alkyhetaryl, —C₀₋₄alkylcycloalkyl or—C₀₋₄alkylheterocyclyl, wherein any of the rings is optionallysubstituted with 1-3 independent halogen, cyano, C₁₋₄alkyl,fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl,—C₀₋₄alkylNHC(O)O(C₁₋₄alkyl), —C₀₋₄alkylNR⁷R⁸, —C(O)R⁹,C₁₋₄alkoxyC₀₋₄alkyl-, —COOC₀₋₄alkyl, —C₀₋₄alkylNHC(O)R⁹,—C₀₋₄alkylC(O)N(R¹⁰)₂, —C₁₋₄alkoxyC₁₋₄alkoxy, hydroxyC₀₋₄alkyl-,—NHSO₂R¹⁰, —SO₂(C₁₋₄alkyl), —SO₂NR¹¹R¹², 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl,phenylC₀₋₂alkoxy, or phenylC₀₋₂alkyl substituents, wherein phenyl isoptionally substituted with 1-2 independent halogen, cyano, C₁₋₄alkyl,C₁₋₄alkoxy, —N(C₀₋₄alkyl)(C₀₋₄alkyl), —SO₂C₁₋₄alkyl,—SO₂N(C₀₋₄alkyl)(C₀₋₄alkyl), hydroxy, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl ortrifluoromethyl substituents, or two bonds on a ring carbon of theheterocyclyl group optionally can form an oxo (═O) substituent; or R³ is—NR⁴(—C₀₋₄alkylR⁵); R⁴ is C₀₋₃alkyl, —C₂₋₃alkyl-NR⁷R⁸, C₃₋₆cycloalkyloptionally substituted by hydroxyC₀₋₄alkyl- further optionallysubstituted by hydroxy, C₁₋₂alkoxyC₂₋₄alkyl-, orC₁₋₂alkyl-S(O)_(n)—C₂₋₃alkyl-; n is O, 1, or 2; R⁵ is hydrogen,hydroxyC₂₋₃alkyl-, C₁₋₂alkoxyC₀₋₄alkyl-, or aryl, hetaryl, orheterocyclyl; wherein a heterocyclic nitrogen-containing R⁵ ringoptionally is mono-substituted on the ring nitrogen with C₁₋₄alkyl,benzyl, benzoyl, C₁₋₄alkyl-C(O)—, —SO₂C₁₋₄alkyl,—SO₂N(C₀₋₄alkyl)(C₀₋₄alkyl), C₁₋₄alkoxycarbonyl oraryl(C₁₋₄alkoxy)carbonyl; and wherein the R⁵ rings are optionallymono-substituted on a ring carbon with halogen, cyano, C₁₋₄alkyl-C(O)—,C₁₋₄alkyl-SO₂—, C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy, hydroxy,—N(C₀₋₄alkyl)(C₀₋₄alkyl), hydroxyC₀₋₄alkyl-, or C₀₋₄alkylcarbamoyl-,provided that no quaternised nitrogen is included; or two bonds on aring carbon of the heterocyclyl group optionally can form an oxo (═O)substituent; R⁶ is C₁₋₄alkyl, aryl, or hetaryl; R⁷ and R⁸ areindependently C₀₋₄alkyl, C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, or CO(C₁₋₄alkyl); R⁹ isC₁₋₄alkyl, or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl; R¹⁰ is C₀₋₄alkyl, or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl; R¹¹and R¹² are independently C₀₋₄alkyl or together with the nitrogen towhich they are attached may form a 4- to 6-membered heterocycle; andwherein there are no nitrogen-oxygen, nitrogen-nitrogen ornitrogen-halogen bonds in linking the three components —Y-Z-R³ to eachother.
 2. A compound according to claim 1, or a stereoisomer, or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X₃ is N.
 3. A compoundaccording to claim 1, or a stereoisomer, or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, wherein X₁ is N.
 4. A compound according toclaim 1, or a stereoisomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, wherein X₂ is N.
 5. A compound according to claim 1, or astereoisomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X₄is N.
 6. A compound according to claim 1, or a stereoisomer, or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R¹ and R^(1′) are eachindependently, halogen, cyano or hydrogen.
 7. A compound according toclaim 6, or a stereoisomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, wherein one of R¹ and R^(1′) is hydrogen and the other is a5-halo or 5-cyano group.
 8. A compound according to claim 1, or astereoisomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Yis C₀₋₂alkyl.
 9. A compound according to claim 1, wherein Z is —(O)—.10. A compound according to claim 1, or a stereoisomer, or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X₃ is N; Y isC₀₋₂alkyl; and Z is —C(O)—.
 11. A compound according to claim 8, or astereoisomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Yis a direct bond.
 12. A compound according to claim 1, or astereoisomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R²is C₀₋₄alkyl or arylC₀₋₄alkyl-, wherein the aryl ring is optionallysubstituted with 1-2 independent halogen, cyano, C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy,—N(C₀₋₄alkyl)(C₀₋₄alkyl), —SO₂C₁₋₄alkyl, —SO₂N(C₀₋₄alkyl)(C₀₋₄alkyl),hydroxy, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, or trifluoromethyl substituents.13. A compound according to claim 12, or a stereoisomer, or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R² is benzyloptionally substituted with 1-2 halogen substituents.
 14. A compoundaccording to claim 1, or a stereoisomer, or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, wherein R³ is —C₀₋₄alkylheterocyclyl optionallysubstituted with 1-3 independent halogen, cyano, C₁₋₄alkyl,fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl,—C₀₋₄alkylNHC(O)O(C₀₋₄alkyl), —C₀₋₄alkylNR⁷R⁸, —C(O)R⁹,C₁₋₄alkoxyC₀₋₄alkyl-, —COOC₄alkyl, —C₀₋₄alkylNHC(O)R⁹,—C₀₋₄alkylC(O)N(R¹⁰)₂, —C₀₋₄alkoxyC₁₋₄alkoxy, hydroxyC₀₋₄alkyl,—NHSO₂R¹⁰, —SO₂(C₁₋₄alkyl), —SO₂NR¹¹R¹², 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl,phenylC₀₋₂alkoxy or phenylC₀₋₂alkyl substituents, wherein phenyl isoptionally substituted with 1-2 independent halogen, cyano, C₁₋₄alkyl,C₁₋₄alkoxy, —N(C₀₋₄alkyl)(C₀₋₄alkyl), —SO₂C₁₋₄alkyl,—SO₂N(C₀₋₄alkyl)(C₀₋₄alkyl), hydroxy, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, ortrifluoromethyl substituents, or two bonds on a ring carbon of theheterocyclyl group optionally can form an oxo (═O) substituent; or R³ is—NR⁴(—C₀₋₄alkylR⁵).
 15. A compound according to claim 14, wherein R³ isan optionally substituted nitrogen containing heterocyclyl group, linkedto Z via a ring nitrogen atom; or R³ is —NR⁴(—C₀₋₄alkylR⁵).
 16. Acompound according to claim 15, wherein R³ is an optionally substituted4-8-membered nitrogen containing heterocyclyl group.
 17. A compoundaccording to claim 16, or a stereoisomer, or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, wherein R³ is pyrrolidin-1-yl or piperidin-1-yloptionally substituted with hydroxy.
 18. A compound selected from thefollowing:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 19. A compound selectedfrom the following:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 20. A compound selectedfrom the following:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 21. A compound selectedfrom the following:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 22. A compositioncomprising a compound according to claim 1, or a stereoisomer, or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and a pharmaceuticallyacceptable carrier.
 23. A method of prophylactic or therapeutictreatment of hyperglycemia or diabetes comprising a step ofadministering an effective amount of the compound according to claim 1,or a stereoisomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 24. Amethod of prevention of diabetes in a human demonstrating pre-diabetichyperglycemia or impaired glucose tolerance comprising a step ofadministering an effective prophylactic amount of the compound accordingto claim 1, or a stereoisomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof.
 25. A method of prophylactic or therapeutic treatment ofhypercholesterolemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosisor myocardial ischemia comprising a step of administering an effectiveamount of the compound according to claim 1, or a stereoisomer, or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 26. A method ofcardioprotection comprising a step of administering to a subject in needthereof an effective amount of a compound of a compound according toclaim 1, or a stereoisomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof.
 27. A process for the production of a compound of Formula (I)according to claim 1, comprising:

coupling a pyrrolopyridine-2-carboxylic acid of Formula (II), or aprotected or activated derivative thereof, with an amine of Formula(III); or

for compounds of Formula (I) wherein Z is C═O and R³ is—NR⁴(—C₀₋₄alkylR⁵), coupling a carboxylic acid of Formula (I), or aprotected or activated derivative thereof, wherein Z is absent and R³ is—CO₂H, with an amine of Formula (IV); or

for compounds of Formula (III) wherein R² is H, Y is C₀ alkyl, Z is—C(O)— and R³ is —C₀alkylaryl or —C₀alkylhetaryl coupling of a compoundof Formula (XX) with a compound of Formula (II) under standard couplingconditions to give a compound of Formula (XIX), followed by removal ofthe ketal group in the presence of acid; and

for compounds of Formula (I) wherein Z is C═O and R³ is C₁₋₄alkoxy,coupling a compound of Formula (II), or a protected or activatedderivative thereof, and a compound of Formula (XII); or e) for compoundsof Formula (I) wherein Z is absent and R³ is —CO₂H, ester hydrolysis ofcompounds of Formula (I) where Z is C═O and R³ is a C₁₋₄alkoxy group.28. A compound of Formula (IIA):

or a C₁₋₄alkyl ester or protected derivative thereof, wherein: one ofX₁, X₂, X₃ and X₄ must be N and the others must be C; R¹ and R^(1′) areeach independently, halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, C₀₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy,fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, ethenyl, or ethynyl orabsent; provided that when X₁, X₃ or X₄ is N, then R¹ and R^(1′) are notboth hydrogen.
 29. A compound selected from:5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid;5-Bromo-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid;5-Cyano-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid;5-Methoxy-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid;1H-Pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid;6-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid;6-Cyano-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid;5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid;5-Bromo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid;5-Ethynyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid;5-Cyano-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid;5-Methyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid;5-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid;6-Chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid; and6-Cyano-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid. or a C₁₋₄alkylester of any one thereof.
 30. A compound of formula (XIX):

wherein R¹, R^(1′), X₁, X₂, X₃, and X₄ are as defined in claim 1 and R³is —C₀alkylaryl or —C₀alkylhetaryl.
 31. A compound consisting of4(S)-(4-fluorobenzyl)oxazolidine-2,5-dione.